c33f3608-0f19-47e2-8c78-5a6408e0d0d7 English Dataseries German Aerospace Center (DLR) geoservice@dlr.de 2025-07-22T06:57:31 19115-1:2014/19139 1.0 2 4500 1000 6500 1000 false EPSG:EPSG:3035 Timeline - Land Surface Temperature (Mean) Level 3 - Europe, Monthly 2025-06-26T12:00:00 https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/metadata/c33f3608-0f19-47e2-8c78-5a6408e0d0d7 DOI: 10.15489/rnnvbugzmh44 This dataset provides monthly maximum Land Surface Temperature (LST) values over Europe, derived from 1-km AVHRR observations. The data is generated by DLR and provided in the framework of the TIMELINE project. LST values are retrieved using physically-based split- and mono-window algorithms and corrected for atmospheric influences and surface emissivity. Only cloud-free observations with sensor view angles below 50 degrees are used. Due to reliance on infrared observations, data may be limited under persistent cloud cover. To ensure temporal consistency across sensors and overpass times, an orbit drift correction method was applied. This method harmonizes LST values to a fixed reference time of 13:00 local solar time, approximating the daily maximum temperature. The dataset is gridded in a 1-km LAEA ETRS89 projection. The product is provided in four tiles, covering the extent of the European Environmental Agency (EEA) reference grid, which includes the area from 900 000 m East and 900 000m North to 7 400 000m East and 5 500 000m North. The TIMELINE (TIMe Series Processing of Medium Resolution Earth Observation Data assessing Long-Term Dynamics In our Natural Environment) project, led by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), focuses on generating a consistent, multi-decadal time series derived from NOAA and Metop AVHRR data. Spanning more than 40 years from the early 1980s to the present this dataset covers Europe and North Africa. TIMELINE establishes an operational environment for the systematic reprocessing of AVHRR raw data into Level 1b, Level 2, and Level 3 geoinformation products at 1.1 km spatial resolution. These products maintain uniform standards in format, projection, and spatial coverage. The dataset includes a comprehensive suite of land and atmospheric parameters such as atmospherically corrected surface reflectance, NDVI, snow cover, fire hotspots, burnt area, land and sea surface temperatures, and various cloud physical properties (e.g., cloud top temperature). By combining traditional and innovative remote sensing products with robust processing algorithms and state-of-the-art validation techniques, TIMELINE provides a unique, high-quality dataset for global change research. German Aerospace Center (DLR) timeline@dlr.de https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/api/records/c33f3608-0f19-47e2-8c78-5a6408e0d0d7/attachments/tl_lstd_l3_ql.jpg large_thumbnail https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/api/records/c33f3608-0f19-47e2-8c78-5a6408e0d0d7/attachments/tl_lstd_l3_ql_s.jpg thumbnail Meteorological geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.inspire-theme European Spatial scope 2024-05-23 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.place.SpatialScope.en DLR EOC DFD AVHRR TIMELINE NOAA METOP Land Surface Temperature Monthly opendata Nutzungseinschränkungen: Das DLR ist nicht haftbar für Schäden, die sich aus der Nutzung ergeben. / Use Limitations: DLR not liable for damage resulting from use. Es gelten keine Zugriffsbeschränkungen Nutzungsbedingungen: Lizenz, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/ / Terms of use: License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/ {"id": "cc-by-de/3.0", "name": "Creative Commons Namensnennung 3.0 Deutschland (CC BY 3.0 DE)", "url": "http://dcat-ap.de/def/licenses/cc-by-de/3.0", "quelle": "Copyright DLR (year of production)"} 2000000 imageryBaseMapsEarthCover -56.51 72.90 24.29 72.61 1982-02-01T00:00:00 GeoTIFF https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3558816 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Scientific publication Scientific publication https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3514734 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Scientific publication Scientific publication https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173473 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Scientific publication Scientific publication https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010072 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Scientific publication Scientific publication https://www.dlr.de/en/eoc/research-transfer/projects-missions/timeline WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Project information Project information https://download.geoservice.dlr.de/TIMELINE/files/L3/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link EOC Download Service EOC Download Service https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/ogc/stac/v1/collections/TIMELINE_AVHRR_P1M_LSTD radiantearth:stac EOC STAC Collection EOC STAC Collection https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms?SERVICE=WMS&REQUEST=GetCapabilities OGC:WMS-http-get-capabilities https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/datasets/timeline_lst_l3_p1m WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link EOC Geoservice Dataset EOC Geoservice Dataset https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? OGC:WMS TIMELINE_AVHRR_L3_P1M_LSTD_MEAN TIMELINE AVHRR L3 Monthly LSTD - Mean https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? OGC:WMS TIMELINE_AVHRR_L3_P1M_LSTD_STD TIMELINE AVHRR L3 Monthly LSTD - Standard Deviation https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? OGC:WMS TIMELINE_AVHRR_L3_P1M_LSTD_COUNT TIMELINE AVHRR L3 Monthly LSTD - Valid Pixel Count https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? OGC:WMS TIMELINE_AVHRR_L3_P1M_LSTD_MIN TIMELINE AVHRR L3 Monthly LSTD - Min https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? OGC:WMS TIMELINE_AVHRR_L3_P1M_LSTD_MAX TIMELINE AVHRR L3 Monthly LSTD - Max Conformity_001 INSPIRE Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification. true Systematic reprocessing of AVHRR raw data into Level 1b, Level 2, and Level 3 geoinformation products at 1.1 km spatial resolution. All products have been harmonized in order to maintain uniform standards in qualiy, format, projection, and spatial coverage. This timeseries of more than 40 years of AVHRR raw data is processed in the operational environment build up by the TIMELINE project at DLR/EOC. For this monthly level-3-product, all available level-2 products are binned into a common 1x1 km2 common grid.