cbc6cb05-1245-41f9-a866-051119441187 Dataset German Aerospace Center (DLR) geoservice@dlr.de 2025-02-03T09:13:59 19115-1:2014/19139 2003/Cor.1:2006 2 4007726 10 1536433 10 false EPSG:4326 World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 2019 - Sentinel-1/2 - Global 2021-11-01T00:00:00 https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/metadata/cbc6cb05-1245-41f9-a866-051119441187 DOI: 10.15489/twg5xsnquw84 The World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 2019 is a 10m resolution binary mask outlining the extent of human settlements globally derived by means of 2019 multitemporal Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) imagery. Based on the hypothesis that settlements generally show a more stable behavior with respect to most land-cover classes, temporal statistics are calculated for both S1- and S2-based indices. In particular, a comprehensive analysis has been performed by exploiting a number of reference building outlines to identify the most suitable set of temporal features (ultimately including 6 from S1 and 25 from S2). Training points for the settlement and non-settlement class are then generated by thresholding specific features, which varies depending on the 30 climate types of the well-established Köppen Geiger scheme. Next, binary classification based on Random Forest is applied and, finally, a dedicated post-processing is performed where ancillary datasets are employed to further reduce omission and commission errors. Here, the whole classification process has been entirely carried out within the Google Earth Engine platform. To assess the high accuracy and reliability of the WSF2019, two independent crowd-sourcing-based validation exercises have been carried out with the support of Google and Mapswipe, respectively, where overall 1M reference labels have been collected based photointerpretation of very high-resolution optical imagery. The main objective of the World Settlement Footprint project is to depict the globals settlement extent. German Aerospace Center (DLR) geoservice@dlr.de Mattia Marconcini German Aerospace Center (DLR) mattia.marconcini@dlr.de WSF Team DLR/EOC Land Surface Dynamics wsf@dlr.de EOC Geoservice German Aerospace Center (DLR) geoservice@dlr.de https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/api/records/cbc6cb05-1245-41f9-a866-051119441187/attachments/WSF2019_Hanoi_ql.png large_thumbnail https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/api/records/cbc6cb05-1245-41f9-a866-051119441187/attachments/WSF2019_Hanoi_ql_s.png thumbnail opendata global urbanization land global settlement extent Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2 inspireidentifiziert Land cover GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.inspire-theme Nutzungseinschränkungen: Das DLR ist nicht haftbar für Schäden, die sich aus der Nutzung ergeben. / Use Limitations: DLR not liable for damage resulting from use. Es gelten keine Zugriffsbeschränkungen. Nutzungsbedingungen: Lizenz, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 / terms of use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ {"id": "cc-by/4.0", "name": "Creative Commons Namensnennung – 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)", "url": "http://dcat-ap.de/def/licenses/cc-by/4.0", "quelle": "Copyright DLR (2021)"} 20000 imageryBaseMapsEarthCover -180.00 180.00 -60.00 78.00 2019-01-01T00:00:00 2019-12-31T23:59:00 GeoTIFF https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/datasets/wsf_2019 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link EOC Geoservice Dataset EOC Geoservice Dataset https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? OGC:WMS WSF_2019 World Settlement Footprint 2019 https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms?SERVICE=WMS%26REQUEST=GetCapabilities OGC:WMS-http-get-capabilities https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/maps/eoc:wsf2019 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link EOC Geoservice Map Context EOC Geoservice Map Context https://download.geoservice.dlr.de/WSF2019/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link EOC Download Service EOC Download Service https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/ogc/stac/collections/WSF_2019 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link EOC STAC Collection EOC STAC Collection https://www.dlr.de/content/en/articles/news/2021/04/20211111_the-view-from-space-how-cities-are-growing.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link World Settlement Footprint - DLR News World Settlement Footprint - DLR News Conformity_001 INSPIRE Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification true The WSF2019 has been generated by means of an advanced classification system which jointly exploits open-and-free optical and radar satellite imagery acquired for the year 2019. In particular, ~286K Sentinel-1 and ~2M Sentinel-2 scenes have been processed, respectively. World Settlement Footprint - WSF2019 Processing: Processing: First, suitable temporal features are generated out of radar Sentinel-1 and optical Sentinel-2 data. Next, training points for the settlement and non-settlement class are derived by thresholding a subset of these, which varies depending on the corresponding Köppen Geiger climate type. Binary Random Forest classification is then applied and a dedicated post-processing is finally performed where ancillary datasets are used to further reduce omission and commission errors. Quality Assurance: The WSF2019 has been validated against 1M ground-truth samples collected – with the support of Google and Mapswipe - by crowdsourcing photointerpretation of reference very high-resolution satellite imagery. To this purpose a statistically robust and transparent protocol has been defined following recommended state-of-the-art practices.