ARKTIS 1993 - Air mass modification and convection in off-ice air flows over Fram Strait: meteorological measurements of the research aircraft Falcon and radiosoundings at the research vessels Valdivia, Polarstern and Prof. Multanovsky and at 4 land stations

The field experiment ARKTIS 1993 was the third one in a series of experiments in the Arctic region performed by a group of climate researchers from Hamburg. The campaign took place in the Greenland Sea west of Spitsbergen from 1 to 25 March 1993. The preceding experiments were ARKTIS 1988 (5 - 25 May 1988) in the same geographic region and ARKTIS 1991 (20 February - 13 March 1991) located between North Norway and Bear Island.

The main objective of ARKTIS 1993 was the investigation of cold air outbreaks from the Arctic sea ice onto the open water, in this case the West Spitsbergen current. To get a concise picture of all stages of boundary layer modification in cold air outbreaks a wide variety of measurement platforms was employed. Three reseach vessels (Polarstern, Valdivia, Prof. Multanovsky) operated in the experimental area providing surface observations and radiosonde data. Aerological data was also collected at three land stations (Bear Island, Danmarkshavn, Ny Alesund) which intensified their operational radiosonde program. Most essential measurement were taken by the research aircraft Falcon and DO-128 which took profiles and cross sections within the air flow. Eleven flight missions were performed.

Date (Publication): 2012-04-13

Edition: 1

Citation identifier: UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993

Citation identifier: doi:10.1594/WDCC/UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993

Originator

University of Hamburg - Dr. Gerd Müller
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Author

University of Hamburg - Prof. Dr. Helmut Jeske
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Author

Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Gottfried Kruspe
http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/

Author

University of Hamburg - Prof. Dr. Burghard Brümmer
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Author

Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute - Andrey P. Nagurny
http://www.aari.nw.ru

Author

University of Hamburg - Dr. Gerd Müller
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Author

University of Hamburg - Christian Wetzel
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Principal investigator

University of Hamburg - Prof. Dr. Burghard Brümmer
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Publisher

WDC Climate at DKRZ

Point of contact

University of Hamburg - Dr. Gerd Müller
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Name: tar-File(s)

Name: tar of ascii

Keywords

arctic

Keywords

buoy

Keywords

observational data

Keywords

radiosonde

Keywords

ship

Use limitation: scientific use: For scientific use only

Language: eng; USA

Begin date: 1993-03-01

End date: 1993-03-25

Distribution format

tar-File(s) ()
tar of ascii ()

Transfer size: 54

OnLine resource: https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993

Hierarchy level: collection

Completeness commission

Name of measure: n/a

Measure description: None

Non quantitative attribute accuracy

Name of measure: n/a

Measure description: None

Attribute description: surface_temperature

Descriptor: The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC

Attribute description: air_pressure_at_sea_level

Descriptor: sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: relative_humidity

Descriptor: relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: specific_humidity

Descriptor: "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: specific_humidity

Descriptor: "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: air_pressure

Descriptor: air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: dew_point_temperature

Descriptor: Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air

Descriptor: downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2

Attribute description: humidity_mixing_ratio

Descriptor: Humidity mixing ratio of a parcel of moist air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: air_pressure

Descriptor: air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: dew_point_temperature

Descriptor: Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: dew_point_temperature

Descriptor: Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: air_pressure

Descriptor: air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: dew_point_temperature

Descriptor: Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: air_pressure

Descriptor: air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: relative_humidity

Descriptor: relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: upward_latent_heat_flux_in_air

Descriptor: "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Guidelines for construction] [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2

Attribute description: upward_air_velocity

Descriptor: vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC

Attribute description: eastward_wind

Descriptor: "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: northward_wind

Descriptor: "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: upward_sensible_heat_flux_in_air

Descriptor: "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Guidelines for construction] [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2

Attribute description: specific_humidity

Descriptor: "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: relative_humidity

Descriptor: relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: specific_humidity

Descriptor: "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: relative_humidity

Descriptor: relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: relative_humidity

Descriptor: relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: specific_humidity

Descriptor: "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: dew_point_temperature

Descriptor: Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

Attribute description: relative_humidity

Descriptor: relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: air_pressure

Descriptor: air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air

Descriptor: "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: specific_humidity

Descriptor: "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

Attribute description: downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air

Descriptor: downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2

Attribute description: upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air

Descriptor: "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: dew_point_temperature

Descriptor: Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: dew_point_temperature

Descriptor: Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: air_temperature

Descriptor: Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: air_pressure

Descriptor: air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: latitude

Descriptor: latitude [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree_north

Attribute description: longitude

Descriptor: longitude [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree_east

Attribute description: specific_humidity

Descriptor: "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1

Attribute description: wind_speed

Descriptor: Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1

Attribute description: relative_humidity

Descriptor: relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled

Attribute description: air_pressure

Descriptor: air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa

Attribute description: height

Descriptor: Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m

Attribute description: time

Descriptor: time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s

Attribute description: wind_from_direction

Descriptor: Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree

File identifier: wdc-climate.de:2250977 XML

Metadata language: eng; USA

Hierarchy level: collection

Hierarchy level name: UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993

Date stamp: 2011-06-22T14:51:05

Metadata standard name: ISO 19115

Metadata standard version: ISO 19115-2:2009

Point of contact

University of Hamburg - Christian Wetzel
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

Point of contact

University of Hamburg - Dr. Gerd Müller
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/

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