wdc-climate.de:5275524 eng; USA collection PRIMAVERA_ctrl Dr. Chathurika Wickramage Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ pointOfContact Dr. Dian Putrasahan Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ pointOfContact 2026-02-04T10:21:32 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 PRIMAVERA: Eddy Rich version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2-ER) - 1950-control run 2024-09-18 publication 1 PRIMAVERA_ctrl doi:10.26050/WDCC/PRIMAVERA_ctrl Dr. Dian Putrasahan Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: dian.putrasahan@mpimet.mpg.de principalInvestigator Dr. Dian Putrasahan Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: dian.putrasahan@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Oliver Gutjahr Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: oliver.gutjahr@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Helmuth Haak Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: helmuth.haak@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Johann Jungclaus Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: johann.jungclaus@mpimet.mpg.de author Katja Lohmann Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: katja.lohmann@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Jin-Song von Storch Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: jin-song.von.storch@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Chathurika Wickramage Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ Email: wickramage@dkrz.de author WDCC publisher The MPI-ESM1.2-ER configuration is designed to facilitate research on ocean eddies that are explicitly resolved. The 1950-control simulation, spans 200 years for ocean and 100 years for the atmosphere, forced by fixed-1950 GHG-forcing. This includes fixed orbital parameters, solar irradiance averaged over a solar cycle, greenhouse gas concentrations, and ozone concentrations. The simulation excludes volcanic aerosol forcing and focuses on tropospheric natural aerosols. The MPI-ESM1.2-ER climate model includes the following components: aerosol: none, prescribed MACv2-SP, atmos: ECHAM6.3 (spectral T127/L95; 384 × 192 longitude/latitude; 95 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: none, landIce: none/prescribed, ocean: MPIOM1.63 (TP6M, approximately 0.1deg; 3602x2394 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-6 m), ocnBgchem: none, seaIce: unnamed (thermodynamic (Semtner zero-layer) dynamic (Hibler 79) sea ice model). The model was run by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany (MPI-M) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, land: none, landIce: none, ocean: 10 km, ocnBgchem: none, seaIce: 10 km. MPI-ESM-ER is a coupled climate model that is conducted following the HighResMIP protocol. Atmospheric component (ECHAM6.3) and ocean component (MPIOM) of the MPI-ESM-ER are coupled with a coupling frequency of 1hr (via OASIS3 coupler). MPI-ESM-ER includes dynamic vegetation, and interactive carbon cycle, as well as advanced representations of atmosphere and ocean processes (Stevens et al., 2013). Dr. Dian Putrasahan Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ pointOfContact NetCDF 1950-control simulation MPI-ESM PRIMAVERA CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eng; USA 0.0 360.0 -90.0 90.0 1980-01-01 2179-12-31 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/641727/BE//PRIMAVERA upward_sea_water_velocity upward_sea_water_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 ocean_barotropic_mass_streamfunction Ocean Barotropic Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_net_downward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m/s convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 vertically_integrated_water_vapor not filled; unit: kg m-2 sea_water_y_velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "y" indicates a vector component along the grid y-axis, positive with increasing y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 sea_water_potential_density Sea Water Potential Density [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_liquid_water "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg/kg surface_net_downward_heat_flux_where_sea not filled; unit: W m-2 sea_water_potential_temperature_expressed_as_heat_content not filled; unit: J m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_net_downward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL. Air pressure is the force per unit area which would be exerted when the moving gas molecules of which the air is composed strike a theoretical surface of any orientation. "Mean sea level" means the time mean of sea surface elevation at a given location over an arbitrary period sufficient to eliminate the tidal signals. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa minus_one_times_surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air "Minus one times" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downward_northward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_eastward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 water_flux_into_ocean water_flux_into_ocean [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 sea_water_x_velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "x" indicates a vector component along the grid x-axis, positive with increasing x. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m minus_one_times_toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "Minus one times" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Shortwave means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-3 sea_surface_height_above_geoid sea_surface_height_above_geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa/s cloud_ice_mixing_ratio Mixing ratio of a parcel of ice in air is the ratio of the mass of ice to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg/kg maximum_height_of_convective_cloud_tops not filled; unit: Pa surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: fraction dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa sea_ice_area_fraction sea_ice_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_surface_temperature Sea surface temperature is usually abbreviated as "SST". It is the temperature of sea water near the surface (including the part under sea-ice, if any), and not the skin temperature, whose standard name is surface_temperature. For the temperature of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_temperature with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m/s surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_net_downward_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC sea_ice_volume_per_area not filled; unit: m sea_surface_salinity The unit of salinity is PSU, which is dimensionless. The units attribute should be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand if salinity is in PSU. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as "SSS". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_salinity with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-3 minus_one_times_surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air "Minus one times" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_liquid_water_mixing_ratio Mixing ratio of a parcel of liquid water in air is the ratio of the mass of liquid water to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg/kg eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m/s stratiform_precipitation_flux Stratiform precipitation, whether liquid or frozen, is precipitation that formed in stratiform cloud. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K NetCDF 8793774 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=PRIMAVERA_ctrl information collection