Annual ETCCDI Extreme Indices For ICON-Sapphire And IFS-FESOM (nextGEMS Cycle 4)

ETCCDI indices calculated from two km-scale global models developed within the nextGEMS project ( https://nextgems-h2020.eu/ ): ICON-Sapphire (Hohenegger et al. 2023) and IFS-FESOM (Rackow et al. 2025). The indices are based on the 30-year production simulations of nextGEMS, cycle 4 with a spatial resolution of about 10km (Segura et al. 2025). Here, we provide them in the 29-year period 2021-2049 (as the first year, 2020, is incomplete for IFS), driven by the high-emission pathway SSP3-7.0.

The original data and the derived indices are available on the unstructured HEALPix grid (Górski et al. 2005). HEALPix organises data at discrete resolutions or zoom levels. Here, the highest resolved zoom level 9 (about 13km grid spacing corresponding to about 3 million grid cells globally) and the intermediate (“CMIP6-like”) zoom level 6 (about 102km, 50’000 grid cells) are provided.


The data were processed by Lukas Brunner ( https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-4524 ), using a Climate Data Operators ( https://code.mpimet.mpg.de/projects/cdo/embedded/index.html ) implementation of the ETCCID indices: code on GitHub ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1558246 3).

Time-mean plots of all indices are available on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.156136 11


If you use the indices, please cite this dataset and the accompanying publication:

Brunner L., B. Poschlod, E. Dutra, E. M. Fischer, O. Martius, and J. Sillmann (2025): A global perspective on the spatial representation of climate extremes from km-scale models. Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade1ef

Simple

Date (Publication)
2025-06-12
Edition

1
Citation identifier
nextGEMS_ExtrInd
Citation identifier
doi:10.26050/WDCC/nextGEMS_ExtrInd
Principal investigator
  University of Hamburg - Lukas Brunner
https://www.uni-hamburg.de/
Author
  University of Hamburg - Lukas Brunner
https://www.uni-hamburg.de/
Publisher
  WDCC
Point of contact
  University of Hamburg - Lukas Brunner
https://www.uni-hamburg.de/
Name

NetCDF
Keywords

  • CLICCS
Keywords

  • ICON
Keywords

  • IFS
Keywords

  • climate
Keywords

  • extrem indices
Keywords

  • nextGEMS
Use limitation

CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Language

eng; USA
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Begin date
2021-01-01
End date
2049-12-31
Supplemental Information

info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/DFG//390683824/DE//EXC 2037: Climate, Climatic Change, and Society (CLICCS)

info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101003470/BE//Next Generation Earth Modelling Systems (NextGEMS)
Distribution format
  • NetCDF ()

Transfer size
870445
OnLine resource
https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=nextGEMS_ExtrInd
Hierarchy level
collection
Attribute description
air_temperature (warmest daily maximum)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
Attribute description
Number of tropical nights
Descriptor

Count of days when TN (daily minimum temperature) is above 20 degree Celsius per time period. Let TNij be daily minimum temperature on day i in year j. Count the number of days where: TNij is above 20 degree Celsius. For annual see: [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
Amount of hot days
Descriptor

not filled; unit: 1
Attribute description
air_temperature (maximum 90th percentile)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
Attribute description
Amount of warm nights
Descriptor

not filled; unit: 1
Attribute description
highest_one_day_precipitation_amount-per_time_period
Descriptor

Maximum 1-day preciptitation amount. highest one day precipitation is the maximum of one day precipitation amount in a given time period. The time period should be defined by the bounds of the time coordinate. [CF-Guidelines for construction]; unit: mm d-1
Attribute description
Number of summer days
Descriptor

Annual count of days when TX (daily maximum temperature) is above 25 degree Celsius. Let TXij be daily maximum temperature on day i in year j. Count the number of days where: TXij is above 25 degree Celsius. [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
air_temperature (coldest daily minimum)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
Attribute description
number_of_very_heavy_precipitation_days
Descriptor

Annual or seasonal count of days when PRCP is greater than or equal to 20mm: Let RRij be the daily precipitation amount on day i in period j. Count the number of days where: RRij is greater than or equal to 20mm. For annual see: [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
air_temperature
Descriptor

Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K
Attribute description
number_of_heavy_precipitation_days
Descriptor

Annual or seasonal count of days when PRCP is greater than or equal to 10mm: Let RRij be the daily precipitation amount on day i in period j. Count the number of days where: RRij is greater than or equal to 10mm. For annual see: [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
Warm spell duration index
Descriptor

Annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TX > 90th percentile of reference period [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
Wet spell duration index
Descriptor

not filled; unit: day
Attribute description
highest_five_day_precipitation_amount-per_time_period
Descriptor

highest precipitation amount for five day interval (including the calendar day as the last day) Maximum 5-day preciptitation amount [CF-Guidelines for construction]; unit: mm d-1
Attribute description
air_temperature (hottest daily maximum)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
Attribute description
precpitation_amount_from_wet_days_above_threshold
Descriptor

not filled; unit: mm d-1
Attribute description
Cold spell duration index
Descriptor

Annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TN < 10th percentile of reference period [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
precipitation_flux
Descriptor

In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mm d-1
Attribute description
precipitation_amount-from_very_heavy_rain_days
Descriptor

not filled; unit: mm d-1
Attribute description
Number of frost days
Descriptor

Annual count of days when TN (daily minimum temperature) is below 0 degree Celsius. Let TNijbe daily minimum temperature on day i in year j. Count the number of days where: TNij is below 0 degree Celsius. [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
air_temperature (minimum 90th percentile)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
Attribute description
Amount of cold nights
Descriptor

not filled; unit: 1
Attribute description
air_temperature (minimum 10th percentile)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
Attribute description
air_temperature (maximum 10th percentile)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
Attribute description
simple_precipitation_intensity_index
Descriptor

not filled; unit: mm d-1
Attribute description
Amount of cool days
Descriptor

not filled; unit: 1
Attribute description
precipitation_amount-from_heavy_rain_days
Descriptor

not filled; unit: mm d-1
Attribute description
Dry spell duration index
Descriptor

not filled; unit: day
Attribute description
Number of icing days
Descriptor

Annual count of days when TX (daily maximum temperature) is below 0 degree Celsius. Let TXij be daily maximum temperature on day i in year j. Count the number of days where: TXij is below 0 degree Celsius. [ETCCDI/CRD Climate Change Indices]; unit: day
Attribute description
air_temperature (coldest daily maximum)
Descriptor

not filled; unit: K
File identifier
wdc-climate.de:5285837 XML
Metadata language

eng; USA
Hierarchy level
collection
Hierarchy level name

nextGEMS_ExtrInd
Date stamp
2025-05-21T08:18:52
Metadata standard name

ISO 19115
Metadata standard version

ISO 19115-2:2009
Point of contact
  University of Hamburg - Lukas Brunner
https://www.uni-hamburg.de/
 
 

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