My GeoNetwork catalogue
MACRO-2018 - High-Resolution Simulation of CO and CO2 concentrations over German Metropolitan Areas for 2018 using WRF-Chem
This dataset aims to provide high-quality, high-resolution, long-term information on CO2 and CO concentrations and meteorology in German metropolitan areas as a basis for various research applications. Already existing applications of this data include the optimization of urban sensor networks for CO2 monitoring and verification, the investigation of satellite observation strategies for CO2 and CO, as well as comparisons with in-situ measurement data.
This dataset contains 1km resolved CO2 and CO concentration fields as well as meteorology for the full year of 2018 in 5 metropolitan regions in Germany (Rhine-Neckar, Berlin, Rhine-Ruhr, Nuremberg, Munich). These domains are embedded in the Germany domain at 5km resolution and the Europe domain at 15km resolution. There are two simulations available using two different WRF-Chem v4.3.3 ( https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF ) configurations: One using Mellor-Yamada-Janjic as Boundary Layer scheme as well as Monin-Obukhov-Janjic as Surface Layer scheme and the other using Yonsei University as Boundary Layer scheme as well as MM5 as Surface Layer scheme.
High resolution anthropogenic emission data as input for the model was prepared by TNO, the Netherlands following the description in Super et al. (2020). Biogenic emissions are from two versions of VPRM. VPRM v1 was prepared by J. Marshall (personal communication) and VPRM v2 was prepared using pyVPRM (Glauch et al, 2025). Background concentration data is from CAMS (GHG short-term forecast; experiment ID gqpe — IFS cycle CY43R1; Diamantakis and Agusti-Panareda, 2017, and Agusti-Panareda et al., 2017). Preparatory sensitivity studies were published in Pilz et al. 2026.
More information and easy access to another version of this data can be found at https://atmo-iup-uhei.github.io/macro-2018/
Simple
- Date (Publication)
- 2025-10-07
- Edition
-
1
- Citation identifier
- MACRO-2018
- Citation identifier
- doi:10.26050/WDCC/MACRO-2018
- Name
-
NetCDF
- Keywords
-
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CO
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- Keywords
-
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WRF
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- Keywords
-
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co2
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- Keywords
-
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greenhouse gases
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- Keywords
-
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simulation
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- Keywords
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urban
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- Use limitation
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CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Language
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eng; USA
))
- Begin date
- 2018-01-01
- End date
- 2018-12-31
- Supplemental Information
-
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/BMFTR//01LK2102D/DE//ITMS-M
- Distribution format
-
-
NetCDF
()
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NetCDF
()
- Transfer size
- 6220308
- OnLine resource
- https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=MACRO-2018
- Hierarchy level
- collection
- Attribute description
- surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
- Descriptor
-
surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2
- Attribute description
- specific_turbulent_kinetic_energy_of_air
- Descriptor
-
specific_turbulent_kinetic_energy_of_air; unit: m2 s-2
- Attribute description
- land_area_fraction
- Descriptor
-
"X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- vegetation type
- Descriptor
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vegetation type; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- friction_velocity
- Descriptor
-
not filled; unit: m s-1
- Attribute description
- geopotential_height
- Descriptor
-
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m
- Attribute description
- cloud_area_fraction
- Descriptor
-
"X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- surface_albedo
- Descriptor
-
The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
- Descriptor
-
The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2
- Attribute description
- mole_fraction_of_carbon_monoxide_in_air
- Descriptor
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Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: ppm
- Attribute description
- upward_air_velocity
- Descriptor
-
vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1
- Attribute description
- mole_fraction_of_water_vapor_in_air
- Descriptor
-
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of water vapor is H2O. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness
- Descriptor
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atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m
- Attribute description
- humidity_mixing_ratio
- Descriptor
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Humidity mixing ratio of a parcel of moist air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1
- Attribute description
- northward_wind
- Descriptor
-
"Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1
- Attribute description
- downward_heat_flux_at_ground_level_in_soil
- Descriptor
-
ground_level means the land surface (beneath the snow and surface water, if any). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2
- Attribute description
- air_temperature
- Descriptor
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Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K
- Attribute description
- eastward_wind
- Descriptor
-
"Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1
- Attribute description
- vegetation_area_fraction
- Descriptor
-
"X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Vegetation" means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- ground_surface_skin_temperature
- Descriptor
-
not filled; unit: K
- Attribute description
- height_above_mean_sea_level
- Descriptor
-
"Height_above_X" means the vertical distance above the named surface X. "Mean sea level" means the time mean of sea surface elevation at a given location over an arbitrary period sufficient to eliminate the tidal signals. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m
- Attribute description
- lake_binary_mask
- Descriptor
-
not filled; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- land_use_category
- Descriptor
-
not filled; unit: 1
- Attribute description
- mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air
- Descriptor
-
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: ppm
- Attribute description
- soil_moisture_content
- Descriptor
-
"moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2
- Attribute description
- air_pressure
- Descriptor
-
air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa
- Attribute description
- air_potential_temperature
- Descriptor
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Potential temperature is the temperature a parcel of air or sea water would have if moved adiabatically to sea level pressure. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K
- File identifier
- wdc-climate.de:5311436 XML
- Metadata language
-
eng; USA
- Hierarchy level
- collection
- Hierarchy level name
-
MACRO-2018
- Date stamp
- 2025-09-16T12:36:30
- Metadata standard name
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ISO 19115
- Metadata standard version
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ISO 19115-2:2009
Overviews
Spatial extent
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