wdc-climate.de:5369813 eng; USA collection DCENT_MLE_v1_2 Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a pointOfContact 2026-04-01T14:26:52 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Temperatures using Data from the Dynamically Consistent Ensemble of Temperature (Version 1.2) 2026-03-26 publication 1 DCENT_MLE_v1_2 doi:10.26050/WDCC/DCENT_MLE_v1_2 Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a Email: brucetcalvert@gmail.com principalInvestigator Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a Email: brucetcalvert@gmail.com author WDCC publisher DCENT_MLE_v1.2 is a dataset of monthly gridded surface temperatures for the Earth during the instrumental period (since 1850). The name ‘DCENT_MLE_v1.2’ reflects the dataset’s use of maximum likelihood estimation and observational data primarily from the Dynamically Consistent Ensemble of Temperature (DCENT) (Chan, Gebbie, Huybers and Kent, 2024). Source datasets used to create DCENT_MLE_v1.2 include land surface air temperatures of Chan, Gebbie and Huybers (2024), non-infilled DCLSAT, and GHCNv4; sea surface temperatures of DCSST; sea ice coverage of HadISST2; land mask data of OSTIAv2; surface elevation data of GMTED2010; and climate model output of CCSM4 for a pre-industrial control simulation. DCENT_MLE_v1.2 was generated using information from the DCENT project, the Met Office Hadley Centre, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the E.U. Copernicus Marine Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research. Results of sensitivity tests using alternate sea ice source datasets from the Japanese Meteorological Agency (COBE-SST3) and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (modified G10010v2 appended with G02202v6) are also available. DCENT_MLE_v1.2 uses the approach of HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 (https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/HadCRU_MLE_v1.2), which is described in “Improving global temperature datasets to better account for non-uniform warming” (https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4791), but uses different source data. Additional details about DCENT_MLE_v1.2 are available in the DCENT_MLE_v1.0 information document. The primary motivation to develop HadCRU_MLE_v1.0 was to better account for spatially nonuniform warming across the planet by fitting an amplification function to observations to better account for spatially nonuniform warming trends, and by using differences in temperature climatologies and temperature anomalies between open sea and sea ice regions to better account for the impacts of changes in sea ice concentrations. DCENT_MLE_v1.2 includes mean surface temperature anomalies for each month from 1850 to 2025 and for each 5° latitude by 5° longitude grid cell. The maximum likelihood estimation approach allows for the estimated field of surface temperature anomalies to be temporally and spatially complete for the entire instrumental period and for the entire surface of the Earth. A 5° by 5° gridded 1982-2014 temperature climatology is available, which was produced by blending an extension of the DCLSAT temperature climatology for land and sea ice regions with the DCSST temperature climatology for open sea regions. Other information of DCENT_MLE_v1.2 is available, including model parameters, the estimated amplification function, the internal variability pattern, the land area fractions, and the impacts of sea ice concentrations and the El Niño Southern Oscillation on surface temperature anomalies. DCENT_MLE_v1.2 is an annual update to extend DCENT_MLE until the end of 2025. The median estimate of the change in global mean surface temperature change from 1850-1900 to 2025 is 1.61 °C, with a 95% confidence interval of [1.47,1.75] °C. Future versions of DCENT_MLE may become available to extend the temporal coverage beyond 2025. Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a pointOfContact ascii NetCDF El Niño Temperature amplification bias-correction climate change observational data sea ice CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eng; USA -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 gregorian 1850-01-01 2025-12-31 Maximum Likelihood Estimate of Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 Covariance Matrix of Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Internal Variability Pattern Indices not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Covariance Matrix of Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 Median Estimate of Impact of Internal Variability Patterns on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Median Estimate of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Median Estimate of Internal Variability Pattern Indices not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Surface Temperature Climatology not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Median Estimate of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Maximum Likelihood Estimate of Impact of Internal Variability Patterns on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Median Estimate of Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 Internal Variability Pattern not filled; unit: 1 Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 Maximum Likelihood Estimate of Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 Maximum Likelihood Estimate of Internal Variability Pattern Indices not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 Variance of Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Internal Variability Patterns on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 Median Estimate of Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Internal Variability Patterns on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Impact of Internal Variability Patterns on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Variance of Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Internal Variability Pattern Indices not filled; unit: degC surface_temperature_anomaly The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "anomaly" means difference from climatology. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Surface Temperature Climatology not filled; unit: degC Covariance Matrix of Impact of Internal Variability Patterns on Global Mean Surface Temperature not filled; unit: K2 ascii NetCDF 19712 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=DCENT_MLE_v1_2 information collection