This dataset contains spatial distribution of near-surface air temperature in the glacierized areas of the Tibetan Plateau, which has been processed using meteorological observation data, thermal infrared remote sensing data and glacier boundaries from China's Second Glacier Inventory. The data covers a high-altitude area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for seven glacier regions (Guliya, Aru, Naimona'nyi, Gagze, Dunde, Parlung, and XiaodongKemadi), with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, spanning elevations of 3,924-6,078 m and temperatures of -42°C to +21°C. The original temperature data were obtained from multiple sources, including thermal infrared remote sensing data from Landsat 8 (L8) and Landsat 9 (L9) Collection 2 (C2) Level 2 (L2) products, as well as ground station measurements from National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center. Missing values were reconstructed through masked nearest-neighbor interpolation, followed by spatial smoothing to minimize residual inaccuracies during the temperature field updating process. This approach (gap-filling, bias-correction, smoothing) ensured robust spatialization of near-surface air temperature data. Technical validations are detailed in Accuracy and Completeness Reports. The dataset provides temperature distributions for glacier-covered areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This dataset is suitable for climate research, environmental monitoring, and cryosphere. The experiment's temporal coverage is discontinuous; the eight datasets have different time ranges. The temporal coverage includes Southeastern data (2023-01 to 2023-03), Xiaodongkemadi data (2012-05 to 2015-08), and Aru, Dagze, Dunde, Guliya, Naimona'nyi, and Parlung data (all from 2019-01, with end dates ranging from 2019-10 to 2019-11). Southeastern data: 2023-01 to 2023-03 Xiaodongkemadi data: 2012-05 to 2015-08 Aru data: 2019-01 to 2019-10 Dagze data: 2019-01 to 2019-10 Dunde data: 2019-01 to 2019-11 Guliya data: 2019-01 to 2019-10 Naimona'nyi data: 2019-01 to 2019-10 Parlung data: 2019-01 to 2019-10

This dataset provides high-resolution (30 m) spatialized near-surface air temperature products for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, updated using thermal infrared remote sensing data from Landsat 8 (L8) and Landsat 9 (L9) Collection 2 (C2) Level 2 (L2) products, combined with elevation-corrected regression modeling. The dataset includes corrected temperature files (adjusted via machine learning-based elevation corrections) for model development. The elevation corrections were performed using Topographic Data of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (2021), integrated via Gaussian filtering to enhance spatial consistency in high-elevation regions. Supervised learning regression models (Random Forest Regression, Multilayer Perceptron regression, or Decision Tree regression) were applied to minimize Thermal Infrared Radiation-derived temperature biases and optimize high-altitude temperature estimation. The near-surface temperature lapse rate (LR) is a critical parameter in glaciological and hydrological models, but existing approaches often rely on empirical estimations with limited spatial representativeness. To mitigate these limitations, an optimized temperature spatialization method is proposed, fusing Local Representatives (LRs) across glacierized regions through Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). This approach accounts for elevation-dependent microclimates while maintaining regional consistency. This dataset is suitable for climate research, and environmental modeling requiring high-resolution near-surface air temperature data.

This experiment contains 30-meter resolution near-surface air temperature datasets for four glacier regions (Guliya, Aru, Naimona’nyi, Dunde) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, derived by integrating in situ measurements (automatic weather stations and loggers; January-November 2019) with Landsat 8/9 thermal infrared data. The datasets, spanning elevations of 4,947–6,078 m and temperatures from −42°C to +16°C, address data gaps through masked nearest-neighbor interpolation and Kriging (for clustered outliers ≥5), with spatial smoothing to minimize observational noise. Validation against ground measurements employs Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of °C and standard deviation (SD) of °C metrics, visualized via Temperature_Error graphs. The glaciers-representing diverse climatic zones-include Guliya (ice cap, westerlies-dominated), Aru (valley glacier), Naimona’nyi (Himalayan slopes), and Dunde (Qilian Mountains, transitional climate). Supported by elevation data from the Topographic Data of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (2021) and temperature data from the GATP Dataset (doi:10.26050/WDCC/GATP). These spatially interpolated temperature distributions serve as a reference for assessing cryospheric and climate models in high-altitude regions.