Tree Species - Sentinel-1/2 - Germany, 2022

The Tree Species Germany product provides a map of dominant tree species across Germany for the year 2022 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The map depicts the distribution of ten tree species groups derived from multi-temporal optical Sentinel-2 data, radar data from Sentinel-1, and a digital elevation model. The input features explicitly incorporate phenological information to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics relevant for species discrimination. A total of over 80,000 training and test samples were compiled from publicly accessible sources, including urban tree inventories, Google Earth Pro, Google Street View, and field observations. The final classification was generated using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The Tree Species Germany product achieves an overall F1-score of 0.89. For the dominant species pine, spruce, beech, and oak, class-wise F1-scores range from 0.76 to 0.98, while F1-scores for other widespread species such as birch, alder, larch, Douglas fir, and fir range from 0.88 to 0.96. The product provides a consistent, high-resolution, and up-to-date representation of tree species distribution across Germany. Its transferable, cost-efficient, and repeatable methodology enables reliable large-scale forest monitoring and offers a valuable basis for assessing spatial patterns and temporal changes in forest composition in the context of ongoing climatic and environmental dynamics.

Identification

Data identification

Citation

Date (Creation)
2025-07-10T00:00:00
Citation identifier
https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/metadata/4f5d5933-250e-493a-9fea-cd1b7c967e6a
Presentation form
Digital map
Other citation details

DOI: 10.15489/smh8w3j8i962
Purpose

The Tree Species Germany product represents the distribution of dominant tree species across Germany for the year 2022 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters.
Status
Completed
Author
  German Aerospace Center (DLR) -
Point of contact
  German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Maintenance and update frequency
As needed

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

  • Land cover
Spatial scope
Keywords

  • DLR

  • EOC

  • forest

  • tree species

  • machine learning

  • time-series

  • Sentinel-2

  • Sentinel-1

  • Germany

  • opendata
Use limitation

Nutzungseinschränkungen: Das DLR ist nicht haftbar für Schäden, die sich aus der Nutzung ergeben. / Use Limitations: DLR not liable for damage resulting from use.

Legal constraints

Access constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
There are no limitations on public access to spatial data sets and services.

Legal constraints

Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints

Nutzungsbedingungen: Lizenz, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Terms of use: License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Other constraints

{"id": "cc-by-4.0",

"name": "Creative-Commons - Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",

"url": " http://dcat-ap.de/def/licenses/cc-by/4.0 ",

"quelle": "Copyright DLR (2025)"}
Spatial representation type
Grid
Denominator
20000
Language
English
Character set
UTF8
Topic category
  • Biota

Extent

N
S
E
W
thumbnail


Begin date
2021-03-01T00:00:00
End date
2023-10-31T23:59:59
 

Distribution

Distribution

Distribution format
  • GeoTIFF ()

Digital transfer options

OnLine resource
HTTP download Tree Species Germany ( WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link )
OnLine resource
https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms?SERVICE=WMS&REQUEST=GetCapabilities ( OGC:WMS-http-get-capabilities )
OnLine resource
TREE_SPECIES_DE_2022 ( OGC:WMS )

Tree Species - Sentinel-1/2 - Germany, 2022

OnLine resource
Scientific publication ( WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link )
OnLine resource
EOC Geoservice Dataset ( WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link )
 

Quality

Data quality

Hierarchy level
Dataset

Domain consistency

Measure identification
INSPIRE / Conformity_001

Conformance result

Citation

Date (Publication)
2010-12-08
Explanation

See the referenced specification.
Pass
Yes

Lineage

Statement

Input data: Sentinel-2, -1, Copernicus GLO-30 DEM
Description

ML Random Forest and XGBoost

Accuracy information: F1-Score of 0.89
 

Spatial rep.

Grid spatial representation

Number of dimensions
2

Dimension

Dimension name
Column
Dimension size
65270
Resolution
10  m

Dimension

Dimension name
Row
Dimension size
88222
Resolution
10  m
Cell geometry
Area
Transformation parameter availability
No
 

Ref. system

Unique resource identifier
EPSG:3035 - ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe
 

Metadata

Metadata

File identifier
4f5d5933-250e-493a-9fea-cd1b7c967e6a XML
Metadata language
English
Character set
UTF8
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Hierarchy level name

Dataset
Date stamp
2026-01-08T08:38:20
Metadata standard name

ISO 19115-1:2014/19139
Point of contact
  German Aerospace Center (DLR)
 
 

Overviews

overview
large_thumbnail
overview
thumbnail

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W
thumbnail


Keywords

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
Land cover

Provided by

Access to the portal

Associated resources

Not available