This experiment comprises 5 different simulations: - hind-cast simulations with specified dynamics from 1979 to 2013 - ERA-Interim SSTs/SICs RC1SD-base-07 T42L90MA “wave zero” (i.e. the global mean) temperature included for the Newtonian relaxation RC1SD-base-08 T42L47MA global mean temperature (wave 0) included for the Newtonian relaxation RC1SD-base-09 T42L47MA global mean temperature (wave 0) not included for the Newtonian relaxation RC1SD-base-10 T42L90MA global mean temperature (wave 0) not included for the Newtonian relaxation RC1SD-base-10a (years 2000-2014) T42L90MA global mean temperature (wave 0) not included for the Newtonian relaxation with corrected road traffic emissions and stratospheric aerosol optical properties For further studies based on simulations of the ESCiMo project and on the EMAC model please also refer to: https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue812.html https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_22.html https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue22.html http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/~PatrickJoeckel/ESCiMo/publications/escimo_publications.html MESSy version 2.50.5 http://www.messy-interface.org

This experiment comprises 3 different simulations: - future simulations scenario RCP6.0 - model data output mostly as 10-hourly global snapshots, monthly averages or as monthly accumulated variables, on model levels or pressure levels, respectively RC2-base-04: SSTs/SICs: taken from coupled HADGEM2-ES simulation T42L90MA 1960-2099 RC2-base-05: same as RC2-base-04 but with resolution T42L47MA 1960-2099 RC2-oce-01: with interactive MPI ocean T42L47MA/GR30L40 1960-2100 For further studies based on simulations of the ESCiMo project and on the EMAC model please also refer to: https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue812.html https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_22.html https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue22.html http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/~PatrickJoeckel/ESCiMo/publications/escimo_publications.html

This experiment comprises 4 different simulations: - hind-cast simulations, free-running - SSTs/SICs: global data set HadISST provided by the UK Met Office Hadley Centre - model data output mostly as 10-hourly global snapshots, monthly averages or as monthly accumulated variables, on model levels or pressure levels, respectively RC1-base-07: T42L90MA 1960–2011 RC1-base-07a: same as RC1-base-07, with corrected optical properties of stratospheric aerosol 1990-2010 RC1-base-08: T42L47MA 1960-2011 RC1-base-08a: same as RC1-base-08, with corrected optical properties of stratospheric aerosol 1990-2010 For further studies based on simulations of the ESCiMo project and on the EMAC model please also refer to: https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue812.html https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_22.html https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue22.html http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/~PatrickJoeckel/ESCiMo/publications/escimo_publications.html

Hindcast simulation has been performed for reconstruction of meso-scale weather systems, especially of intense storms by using the global atmospheric model ECHAM6 in its version 6.1.00 (CMIP5), the spectral nudging technique and NCEP reanalysis as forcing data. Horizonatal resolution: (768x384) gridpoints (T255L95), vertical resolution: 95 levels. Time period: 1948 - 2015 april. The output from the model run: /work/gg0301/g260070/ECHAM6/echam-6.1.00/experiments/echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1/scripts on the HLRE-2 Blizzard and the Original-Outputs of the 8 ECHAM6-streams were named and differed by their suffixes: echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_co2 echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_echam echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_jsbach echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_land echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_nudg echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_surf echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_veg echam6_t255l95_sn_ncep1_199212.01_vphysc

Simulated 2D residual velocity fields in the inner German Bight were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Residual currents were obtained from coastDat2 barotropic 2D simulations with the hydrodynamic model TRIM-NP V2.1.22 in barotropic 2D mode on a Cartesian grid (1.6km spatial resolution) stored on an hourly basis for the years 1948 - 2012 (doi:10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-2_TRIM-NP-2d) and later extended until August 2015. The present analysis refers to the period Jan 1958 - Aug 2015. The spatial domain considered is the region to the east of 6 degrees east and to the south of 55.6 degrees north. All grid nodes with a bathymetry of less than 10m were excluded. Residual velocities were calculated in two different ways: 1.) as 25h means, 2.) as monthly means. Both types of residual current data are available from * RESIDUAL_CURRENTS_195801_201508 The directory contains sub-directories for years and months. Daily residual currents for the 13th of September 1974, for instance, are stored in * RESIDUAL_CURRENTS_195801_201508/YEAR_1974/MONTH_09/TRIM2D_1974_09_13_means.nc while monthly mean residual currents for September 1974 are stored in: * RESIDUAL_CURRENTS_195801_201508/YEAR_1974/TRIM2D_1974_09_means.nc All current fields provided were interpolated from the original Cartesian model grid to a more convenient regular geographical grid (116x76 nodes). Mean residual currents are stored in: * mean_residual_currents.nc This data set contains residual velocities both on original Cartesian grid nodes and interpolated to the geographical grid. An example plot is provided: * mean_residual_currents.png For PCA, two residual velocity components from each of 12133 Cartesian grid nodes were combined into one data vector (length 2x12133), referring to 21061 daily or 692 monthly time levels. Results of two independent PCAs for either daily or monthly mean fields are stored in: * PCA_daily_residual_currents.nc * PCA_monthly_residual_currents.nc Files contain three leading Principal Components (PCs) and corresponding Emipirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). Again EOFs were also interpolated to a regular geographical grid. PC time series are also stored in plain ASCII format: * PCs_daily.txt * PCs_monthly.txt For monthly fields the number N of variables (N=2x12133) is much larger than the number T of time levels (T=692). Therefore, to reduce computational demands, the roles of time and space were formally interchanged. Having conducted the PCA the EOFs were then transformed back to the original spatial coordinates (cf. Section 12.2.6 in von Storch and Zwiers (1999), Statistical Analysis in Climate Research, Cambridge University Press). A much larger number of time levels made even this approach prohibitive for the full set of daily data. Therefore, PCAs were performed for six sub-periods (1958-1965, 1966-1975, 1976-1985, 1986-1995, 1996-2005, 2006-2015(Aug)) independently. EOFs obtained from these six sub-periods were then averaged to obtain EOFs representative for the whole period. Corresponding PCs were calculated by projecting daily fields onto these average EOFs. IMPORTANT: In contrast with PCA of monthly data, the PCA of daily data INVOLVES SOME APPROXIMATIONS! EOFs on the original nodes were normalized to have unit lengths. The following figures, * daily_EOF1.png * daily_EOF2.png * daily_EOF3.png show the first three EOFs obtained from daily data, assuming that corresponding PCs have the value of one standard deviation. The following two plots, * monthly_EOF1.png * monthly_EOF2.png show the leading EOFs for monthly mean data. EOF3 is omitted as it represents just a very small percentage of overall variance (1.7%).

The experiment CLM_20C_ZS contains Northern European regional climate simulations of the years 1960-1989 on a rotated grid (CLM non hydrostatic, 0.44 deg. hor. resolution, see http://www.clm-community.eu ). It is forced by the first (_1_) run of the global IPCC SRES 20C (EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_20C_1_6H). The data represent 6 hourly values of a 20th century simulation with observed anthropogenic forcings (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, O3 and sulfate). The model region starts at -19.36/-40.48 (lat/lon in rotated coordinates; centre of lower left corner of the domain) with rotated North Pole at 21.3/-175.0 (lat/lon). The number of grid points is 80/146 (lat/lon). The sponge zone (numerically unreliable boundary grid points) consists of 8 gridboxes at each border. EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_20C_1_6H were nudged during the simulations (spectral nudging,von Storch, H., A spectral nudging technique for dynamical downscaling purposes. Mon. Wea. Rev, 2000 ) The regional model variables include two-dimensional near surface fields and atmospheric fields on 6 pressure levels (200, 500, 700, 850, 925 and 1000 hPa) for zonal and meridional wind, temperature and pressure. The time interval of the output fields is 3 hours. Please contact sga"at"dkrz.de for data request details. The output format is netCDF. Experiment with CLM 2.4.6 on HPC Cluster ( blizzard ).

The experiment CLM_A1B_ZS contains Northern European regional climate simulations of the years 2070-2099 on a rotated grid (CLM non hydrostatic, 0.44 deg. hor. resolution, see http://www.clm-community.eu ). It is forced by the first (_1_) run of the global IPCC SRES A1B (EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_A1B_1_6H), which describes a possible future world of very rapid economic growth, global population peaking in mid-century and rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies with a balance across all energy sources. The model region starts at -19.36/-40.48 (lat/lon in rotated coordinates; centre of lower left corner of the domain) with rotated North Pole at 21.3/-175.0 (lat/lon). The number of grid points is 80/146 (lat/lon). The sponge zone (numerically unreliable boundary grid points) consists of 8 grid boxes at each border. EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_A1B_1_6H were nudged during the simulations (spectral nudging,von Storch, H., A spectral nudging technique for dynamical downscaling purposes. Mon. Wea. Rev, 2000 ) The regional model variables include two-dimensional near surface fields and atmospheric fields on 6 pressure levels (200, 500, 700, 850, 925 and 1000 hPa) for zonal and meridional wind, temperature and pressure. The time interval of the output fields is 3 hours. Please contact sga"at"dkrz.de for data request details. The output format is netCDF. Experiment with CLM 2.4.6 on HPC Cluster ( blizzard ).

The SRES data sets were published by the IPCC in 2000 and classified into four different scenario families (A1, A2, B1, B2). SRES_B2 storyline describes a world in which the emphasis is on local solutions to economic, social and enviromental sustainability. The global population is increasing at a lower rate than A2. It has an intermediate level of economic development and a less rapid and more diverse technological change than in A1 and B1. The model consists of the atmospheric component which based on the weather forecast model of ECMWF. The atmospheric component is the standard model version of a 19-level hybrid sigma-pressure coordinate system. The ocean component is a model which computes with isopycnal coordinates. This data set is an enlargement of the IPCC data set and provides additional meteorological parameters. The run produces 6h values of the variables. ECHAM4/OPYC3 (http://ipcc-data.org/gcm/models/tar/echam4opyc3.html ) Changes af anthropogenic emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O and sulphur dioxide are prescribed according to the above mentioned scenario. The model run starts in 1990 from the results of the scenario run GSDIO (Experiment "EH4OPYC_22723GSDIO") which has been run with observed conditions for the time period 1860-1990.

The data represent 6 hourly values of a 20th century simulation (including year 2000) with observed anthropogenic forcings(CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, O3 and sulfate) initialized in year 2190 of the preindustrial control run. This is followed by a commitment experiment for the 21th century (years 2001-2100) with all concentrations fixed at their levels of the year 2000. Data Sets with monthly mean values are also available. Technical data to this experiment: The experiment is using ECHAM5.2.02a coupeld to MPI-OM Vers. 1.0 GR1.5L40 The output from the model run: hurrikan.dkrz.de:/ut/k/k204076/EXP000/run009 Please note: experiment_name/acronym was renamed (27-JUN-2005, 20C_0 changed to 20C_1)

The data represent monthly average values of pre-industrial climate simulation. Here, for the year 1860, concentrations of well mixed greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) were prescribed. Ocean data (MPI-OM) are available within this experiment, they are stored in EXTRA FORMAT. Datasets with higher resolution (6 hour mean) are also available. As the boundary conditions are not time dependent, the time access is arbitrary. Technical data to this experiment: The experiment is using ECHAM5.2.02 coupled to MPI-OM Vers.1.0 GR1.5L40 and was run on a NEC-SX6(hurrikan). The output from the model run: hurrikan.dkrz.de:/ut/3/m214002/EXP500/run520