Accurate initialization of the water vapor field is important for NWP. With recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) atmospheric remote sensing, ground-based GPS receivers have become an important instrument that can provide high resolution water vapor measurements operationally at low cost with an accuracy of a few millimeters. The system can operate in all weather conditions. During the COPS campaign, a dense network of GPS receivers was installed. This data has been assimilated in real-time into the MM5 4DVAR system to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts and process understanding. Operational forecasts initialized with 4DVAR and corresponding CONTROL forecasts, initialized only by the ECMWF forecast,ran the whole COPS/D-PHASE period to provide a basis for future statistical investigations. This experiment contains only the innermost domain (2km) of the forecast initialized with the operational ECMWF forecast only (CONTROL). The corresponding 4DVAR forecast can be found as experiment dphase_mm5_2_4d. Assimilation run: - 18 km horizontal resolution - 36 level up tp 100 hPa - 64x70 grid points - MM5 3.4 (4DVAR version) - Kuo convection scheme - MRF PBL scheme - Simple radiation - Warm cloud microphysics - 3 hour assimilation window Free forecast run: only innermost 2km domain (CDOM) was archived) - Triple 2-way nested 24h forecast (18, 6, 2 km resolution) - 36 level up to 100 hPa - 64x70 points (18 km), 106x109 points (6 km), 169x184 points (2 km) - MM5 3.7.4 - Kain Fritsch 2 cumulus (no parameterization in the 2 km domain) - Reisner2 cloud microphysics - RRTM LW + Dudhia SW radiation - MRF PBL scheme - 5 layer soil model Note: here the datasets differ in time resolution (DDOM:1h, CDOM 15min) not in region. Grid description:"CDOM"+"DDOM":xinc/yinc:2.0 xnpole/ynpole:0.0 xfirst:6.0205 yfirst:47.0167 xsize:184.0 ysize:169.0

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Note: Do not use use this version any more, use version 1.21 instead! doi:10.1594/WDCC/WRF_NOAH_HWSD_world_TOP_ST_v121 Data contain dominating soil type in a grid cell for the whole world at 30 arc-second (~1km) horizontal resolution. The data are based on Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD), but reclassified according to the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) classification table of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for NOAH and NOAH-MP Land Surface Models (LSMs). The source of the data is HWSD version 1.2, provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC), Institute of Soil Science - Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSCAS) and Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC) in 2012 (FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria). More information on HWSD data available on the web page: http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/External-World-soil-database/HTML/ Horizontal resolution: 0.0083333333333333° Type/units: categorical/1-16 categories Missing_value: 241.0 Projection: regular latitude longitude

Data contain dominating soil type in a grid cell for the whole world at 30 arc-second (~1km) horizontal resolution. The data are based on Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD), but reclassified according to the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) classification table of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for NOAH and NOAH-MP Land Surface Models (LSMs). The source of the data is HWSD version 1.21, provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC), Institute of Soil Science - Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSCAS) and Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC) in 2012 (FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.21). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria). Horizontal resolution: 0.0083333333333333° Type/units: categorical/1-16 categories Missing_value: -9999(ascii file), 241.0 (WRF-bin) Projection: regular latitude longitude

Data contain the dominating soil type in a grid cell for Germany in ~1km horizontal resolution. The data are based on the country wide soil map (Bodenubersichtskarte - BUK) at a scale of 1:1000000 (BUK1000) published in 2007 by Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hannover, but reclassified according to the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) classification table of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for NOAH and NOAH-MP Land Surface Models (LSMs). Horizontal resolution: 0.0083333333333333° Type/units: categorical/1-16 categories Missing_value: 241.0 Projection: regular latitude longitude File format: binary, readable in the WRF Preprocessing System (WPS) Data size:1.2 MB

The files contain vertical profiles of temperature and particle backscatter coefficient at 355 nm measured with the Rotational Raman Lidar of University of Hohenheim (UHOH RRL) during COPS 2007. The UHOH RRL was located at Hornisgrinde (COPS Supersite H) with other instruments. The temporal resolution of the particle-backscatter-coefficient data is 10 s in June 2007 and 13 s in July and August 2007, respectively. The spatial resolution is 37.5 m. For the temperature data of this release, the temporal and spatial resolution of the data is 5 minutes and 37.5 m, respectively. Missing values were added for data containing clouds and exceeding statistical measurement uncertainties of 2 K. Scanning data, data with higher resolution, data of higher altitudes, or data of measurement days which are not published within this release are available on request. See pdf summary in entry 'cops_suph_rlidar_info_1' for further information.

The files contain vertical profiles of absolute humidity and backscatter signals at 820 nm measured with the Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar of University of Hohenheim (UHOH DIAL) during COPS 2007. The UHOH DIAL was located at Hornisgrinde (COPS Supersite H) with other instruments. The backscatter signals are offline backscatter data multiplied with range squared in arbitrary units. These data show aerosols and clouds above the lidar. The temporal and spatial resolution of these data is 10 s and 15 m, respectively. For the humidity data (in g/m**-3) of this release, the temporal and spatial resolution is the same but with a 150-m-long weighting function. Data with higher resolution, data of higher altitudes, or data of measurement days which are not published within this release are available on request. See pdf summary in entry 'cops_suph_rlidar_info_1' for further information.

Daily files of mean temperature profiles from UHOH Raman lidar. UHOH RL was located at the supersite KITcube during the HOPE campaign, located in small truck.

Daily files of absolute humidity from UHOH DIAL measurements. UHOH DIAL was located at the supersite KITCube/UHOH during the HOPE campaign.

Accurate initialization of the water vapor field is important for NWP. With recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) atmospheric remote sensing, ground-based GPS receivers have become an important instrument that can provide high resolution water vapor measurements operationally at low cost with an accuracy of a few millimeters. The system can operate in all weather conditions. During the COPS campaign, a dense network of GPS receivers was installed. This data has been assimilated in real-time into the MM5 4DVAR system to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts and process understanding. Operational forecasts initialized with 4DVAR and corresponding CONTROL forecasts, initialized only by the ECMWF forecast,ran the whole COPS/D-PHASE period to provide a basis for future statistical investigations. This experiment contains only the innermost domain (2km) of the forecast initialized with the operational ECMWF forecast only (CONTROL). The corresponding 4DVAR forecast can be found as experiment dphase_mm5_2_4d. Assimilation run: - 18 km horizontal resolution - 36 level up tp 100 hPa - 64x70 grid points - MM5 3.4 (4DVAR version) - Kuo convection scheme - MRF PBL scheme - Simple radiation - Warm cloud microphysics - 3 hour assimilation window Free forecast run: only innermost 2km domain (CDOM) was archived) - Triple 2-way nested 24h forecast (18, 6, 2 km resolution) - 36 level up to 100 hPa - 64x70 points (18 km), 106x109 points (6 km), 169x184 points (2 km) - MM5 3.7.4 - Kain Fritsch 2 cumulus (no parameterization in the 2 km domain) - Reisner2 cloud microphysics - RRTM LW + Dudhia SW radiation - MRF PBL scheme - 5 layer soil model Note: here the datasets differ in time resolution (DDOM:1h, CDOM 15min) not in region. Grid description:"CDOM"+"DDOM":xinc/yinc:2.0 xnpole/ynpole:0.0 xfirst:6.0205 yfirst:47.0167 xsize:184.0 ysize:169.0