Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations without solar and ozone variability (i.e., set to the year 1850). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability. Please refrain from using the following variables since their computations where either erroneous or do not comply with the CMIP6 protocol: Eyr_fracLut, 6hrPlevPt_sfcWind, Amon_mc, CFday_mc, CFmon_dmc, CFmon_smc, CFmon_mcd, CFmon_mcu, Omon_o2sat, Oyr_o2sat, Omon_uo, Omon_umo, Omon_hfx Omon_tauuo Technical details: Ensemble run on bullx B700 Mistral at DKRZ

Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations with low-pass filtered solar and ozone variability (i.e., using a 33-years running-mean). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability.

Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations without solar and ozone variability (i.e., set to the year 1850). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability. Please refrain from using the following variables since their computations where either erroneous or do not comply with the CMIP6 protocol: Eyr_fracLut, 6hrPlevPt_sfcWind, Amon_mc, CFday_mc, CFmon_dmc, CFmon_smc, CFmon_mcd, CFmon_mcu, Omon_o2sat, Oyr_o2sat, Omon_uo, Omon_umo, Omon_hfx Omon_tauuo Technical details: Ensemble run on bullx B700 Mistral at DKRZ

Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations with low-pass filtered solar and ozone variability (i.e., using a 33-years running-mean). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability.

This datasets contains simulation output for the global hydrological models HydroPy and MPI-HM. Both used meteorological forcing from the GSWP3 dataset for the period 1979-2014 and a 50 years spinup period. The analysis of this simulations is published at https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-53 .

This datasets contains simulation output for the global hydrological models HydroPy and MPI-HM. Both used meteorological forcing from the GSWP3 dataset for the period 1979-2014 and a 50 years spinup period. The analysis of this simulations is published at https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-53 .

nuArctic aims at increasing our understanding of the remineralization of nutrients and carbon in the Arctic Ocean and its feedbacks with the Earth System, i.e. the capacity of the Arctic Ocean to be productive and to act as a carbon sink into the future. To do so, the project is proposing modeling advances to increase the robustness of model projections. This project includes global model simulations with the global multi-resolution Finite Volume Sea Ice-Ocean Model (FESOM version 2.1) coupled to the Regulated Ecosystem Model (REcoM version 3, Gürses et al. 2024). For this project, model simulations include a representation of terrigenous inputs from both rivers and coastal erosion and were run from 1970-2100 on a model grid with eddy-permitting (4.5 km) resolution at pan-Arctic scale. The ocean-only model simulations were forced at the ocean surface with 3-hourly atmospheric output from the AWI Climate Model (Semmler et al. 2020). The project includes model experiments under four “Shared Socioeconomic Pathways” emission scenarios, a control run and sensitivity experiments. This work lead to the publication of Oziel et al. 2025 ("Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump » in 2025 in Nature Climate Change) which comprises a detailed description of the methods, model experiments and setups but also a publication of the source code and post-processing scripts (Oziel, 2024).

RCM forcing data from two realisations of the CMIP5 experiment historical. The historical experiment covers the period 1850-2005. Forcing data are available from 1949 to 2005 only. The realisations differ with respect of their branch times of the pre-industrial control run (piControl): historical_r1i1p1 started end of 1849, historical_r2i1p1 started end of 1900 .

historical is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the IPCC AR5. This subset of the CMIP5 additional historical data were collected by ETH Zurich until 15th March 2013 in support of IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 ( http://wiki.c2sm.ethz.ch/COSMO/CMIP5 ). These data are part of the IPCC-DDC AR5. historical (3.2 Historical) - Version 2: Simulation of recent past (1850 to 2005). Impose changing conditions (consistent with observations). Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Data are structured and entry names are set according to the ETH Zurich Archive layout: "experiment/MIP table/variable/model/ensemble member/CMOR filename.nc"

1 Dataset description Currently, there is a joint effort between the Climate Limited-area Modelling Community (CLM-Community, www.clm-community.eu) and the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) project “Updating the data basis for adaptation to climate change in Germany“(UDAG; Früh, 2023) to downscale an ensemble of selected climate change simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; Eyring et al., 2016). Different to previous studies, this regional climate modelling ensemble is conducted with the same model version and setup of the Icosahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model used in climate limited-area mode (ICON-CLM; Pham et al., 2021). ICON-CLM belongs to the common class of regional climate models that represent atmosphere and land processes without considering lateral water flows at the land surface, i.e. usually designated as river runoff or discharge. However, discharge is an important component of the global water cycle. Changes in discharge can have a significant impact on the water resources of the respective catchment area (Haddeland et al., 2013; Hagemann et al., 2013). In order to fill the gap that discharge is not provided by ICON-CLM, we used a state-of-the-art river runoff model, the Hydrological Discharge (HD) model (Hagemann et al., 2020), to generate discharges that are consistent with the ICON-CLM output. 1.1 ICON-CLM historical simulations In the present study, ICON-CLM was used to conduct regional climate simulations over the European domain of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling experiment (EURO-CORDEX; Jacob et al., 2013). The selected EURO-CORDEX domain has a spatial resolution of 0.11° (approx. 12 km) and the ICON-CLM model setup was determined from optimisation exercises through model extensions and a novel parameter tuning strategy (Geyer et al., 2026). Six historical simulations were conducted from 1950-2014 by downscaling six different GCMs (see Table 1 in https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=EU-hist_table, which provides characteristics of the six HD model experiments ). The GCMs comprise EC-Earth3-Veg, CNRM-ESM2-1, MPI-ESM-1-2-HR, MIROC6, CMCC-CM2-SR5, NorESM2-MM. 1.2 European historical river runoff based on ICON-CLM surface and subsurface runoff The HD model (Hagemann et al., 2020) is a river-routing model that is well-established and implemented in a range of global and regional model systems. The HD model was forced by 6-hourly time series of surface and subsurface runoff from the six ICON-CLM historical simulations. In the present study, we applied the HD model v5.2.4 (Hagemann et al., 2025) over its European domain (land areas between 11°W to 69°E and 27°N to 72°N) at 1/12° spatial resolution. The resulting daily series of river runoff (see Table 1) cover the full historical period 1950-2014. Acknowledgments This dataset was generated within the project “Updating the data basis for adaptation to climate change in Germany (UDAG)” that was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space under grant number 01LP2326D. I am grateful to Evgenii Churiulin (KIT), Michael Jähn (C2SM), Muhammed Muhshif Karadan (BTU), Sergei Petrov (Hereon), Christopher Purr (DWD) and Heimo Truhetz (Wegener Centre), who conducted the ICON-CLM historical simulations.