These experiments are supplemental experiments for the CMIP6 Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project (GMMIP), by using the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System (FGOALS-f3-L) climate system model. The experiments contain three datasets groups, which examine both the thermal and dynamical effects of Mongolia Plateau and surrounding regions. These datasets are provided for understanding the response of the weather and climate changes in the middle and high latitudes to the mechanical and thermal forcing of the Mongolia Plateau.

The numerical model we used is FGOALS-f3-L model. The CAS FGOALS-f3-L model is structured with five components: version 2.2 of the Finite volume Atmospheric model (FAMIL) ,which is the next generation atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) Spectral Atmospheric Model (SAMIL); version 3 of the LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model (LICOM3); version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM4) ; and version 4 of the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE4). The fluxes are exchanged between these components using version 7 of the coupler module from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The CAS FGOALS-f3-L model grid system is cube sphere, which contains 6 tiles, each tile contains 96 grids (C96). For the globe, the longitudinal extent is divided into 384 grids, and the latitudinal area is divided into 192 grids, which results in an approximate 1° horizontal resolution. In the vertical direction, the model adopts hybrid coordinates with 32 layers, where the model top is 2.16 hPa.

For the Mongolia plateau orographical perturbations experiments here, three Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) types of experiments were conducted, including amip, amip-NMO and amip-NS-MO. The specific differences of the three experiments are as follows: the first experiment (amip) is a reference experiment, which is designed the same as in CMIP6 DECK amip experiment, but the integration lasts from 1979 to 2021; the second experiment (amip-NMO) is the orographic perturbation experiment that remove the Mongolian Plateau; the third experiment (amip-NS-MO) is the thermal perturbation experiment, which removes the surface sensible heating over the Mongolian Plateau and surrounding regions at altitudes above 500 m. The model output contains 42 monthly mean variables from January 1979 to November 2021, such as Surface Altitude (orog), Percentage Cloud Cover (cl), Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux (hfls), Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation (rlds), etc. It also contains the 1-hourly, 6-hourly, and daily datasets, but only the monthly mean datasets are submitted to the WDCC due to the storage issue. These experiments have not been entered into any other fields. These data sets will help to understand the contribution of the Mongolian Plateau to the monsoon circulation in the middle and high latitudes, winter cold waves and even extreme events, and also help to better understand the influence of Asian topography on the global monsoon system.

Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42288101, 42122035, and 91937302) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2022YFF0802003)