"esmX" are an experiment family of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ) including esmHistorical, esmrcp85, esmFdbk1, esmFixClim1 and esmFixClim2. CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the IPCC AR5. This subset of the CMIP5 esm data were collected by ETH Zurich until 15th March 2013 in support of IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 ( http://wiki.c2sm.ethz.ch/COSMO/CMIP5 ). These data are part of the IPCC-DDC AR5. esmX: Variation of CMIP5 experiment with alternate forcing (emissions-forced historical and rcp85) or alternate feedback (CO2 increase feedback on radiation code for esmFdbk1, esmFixClim1/2). Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Data are structured and entry names are set according to the ETH Zurich Archive layout: "experiment/MIP table/variable/model/ensemble member/CMOR filename.nc" (e.g.: esmrcp85/Amon/tas/bcc-csm1-1/r1i1p1/tas_Amon_bcc-csm1-1_esmrcp85_r1i1p1_200601-209912.nc )

"historicalXXX" are an experiment family of additional historical experiments of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ) including historicalExt, historicalGHG, historicalMisc and historicalNat. CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the IPCC AR5. This subset of the CMIP5 additional historical data were collected by ETH Zurich until 15th March 2013 in support of IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 ( http://wiki.c2sm.ethz.ch/COSMO/CMIP5 ). These data are part of the IPCC-DDC AR5. historicalXXX: Variation of the CMIP5 historical experiment with alternate forcing (only greenhouse gas forcing for GHG and only natural forcing for Nat) or an extended historical run until near-present (Ext). Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Data are structured and entry names are set according to the ETH Zurich Archive layout: "experiment/MIP table/variable/model/ensemble member/CMOR filename.nc" (e.g.: historicalGHG/Amon/tas/HadGEM2-ES/r1i1p1/tas_Amon_HadGEM2-ES_historicalGHG_r1i1p1_185912-188411.nc )

"noVolcYYYY" are an experiment family of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the IPCC AR5. This subset of the CMIP5 noVolc data were collected by ETH Zurich until 15th March 2013 in support of IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 ( http://wiki.c2sm.ethz.ch/COSMO/CMIP5 ). These data are part of the IPCC-DDC AR5. noVolc (hindcast without volcanoes) - Hindcast without volcanoes. Additional 10yr run for experiment 1.1 without including volcanic eruptions of Agung, El Chichon and Pinatubo eruptions. Individual noVolc experiments are named noVolcYYYY with starting year YYYY. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Data are structured and entry names are set according to the ETH Zurich Archive layout: "experiment/MIP table/variable/model/ensemble member/CMOR filename.nc" (e.g.: noVolc1960/Amon/tas/MPI-ESM-LR/r1i1p1/tas_Amon_MPI-ESM-LR_noVolc1960_r1i1p1_196101-197012.nc )

"esmControl" is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 5.1 esmControl (5.1 ESM pre-industrial control): Impose non-evolving pre-industrial conditions as in experiment 3.1_piControl but emissions-forced (with atmosperhic CO2 determined by the model itself) Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

esmFixClim is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 5.4-1 esmFixClim (5.4-1 ESM fixed climate 1) - Version 1: Radiation code sees piControl CO2 concentration, but carbon cycle sees 1% per year rise. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf ) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc .

'esmFixClim2' is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. esmFixClim2 (5.4-2 ESM fixed climate 2) - Version 2: Radiation code sees historical/rcp45 CO2 concentration, but carbon cycle sees 1% per year rise. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf ) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc .

"esmHistorical" is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 5.2 esmHistorical (5.2 ESM historical): Historical simulation (1850 to 2005) as in experiment 3.2_historical but emissions-forced (with atmospheric CO2 determined by the model itself) Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

"esmrcp85" is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 5.3 esmrcp85 (5.3 ESM RCP8.5): Future projection (2006-2100) forced by RCP8.5. As in experiment 4.2_RCP8.5 but emissions-forced (with atmospheric CO2 determined by the model itself). Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

This collection contains all measurements that have been performed in the frame of the EARLINET project during the period April 2000 - December 2010. Some of these measurements are also part of the collections 'Calipso', 'Climatology', 'SaharanDust' or 'VolcanicEruption'. In addition this collection also contains measurements from the categories 'Cirrus', 'DiurnalCycles', 'ForrestFires', 'Photosmog', 'RuralUrban', and 'Stratosphere'. This collection also contains measurements not devoted to any of the above categories. More information about these categories and the contributing stations can be found in the file 'EARLINET_general_introduction.pdf' accompanying this dataset.

Since the beginning of CALIPSO observations in June 2006 EARLINET has performed correlative measurements during nearby overpasses of the satellite at individual stations following a dedicated observational strategy. The EARLINET-CALIPSO correlative measurement plan considers the criteria established in the CALIPSO validation plan (http://calipsovalidation.hamptonu.edu). Participating EARLINET stations perform measurements, as close in time as possible and for a period of at least 30 min up to several hours, when CALIPSO overpasses their location within a horizontal radius of 100 km. Within the 16-day observational cycle of CALIPSO each station is overpassed within this distance 1-2 times during daytime (typically between 1100 and 1400 UTC) and 1-2 times during night time (typically between 0000 and 0300 UTC). Additional measurements are performed, mainly on a non-regular basis, when CALIPSO overpasses a neighboring station in order to study the horizontal variability of the aerosol distribution. The time schedule for correlative observations is calculated starting from the high-resolution ground-track data provided by NASA, and is updated and distributed to whole network weekly. The EARLINET-CALIPSO correlative dataset represents a statistically significant data set to be used for the validation and full exploitation of the CALIPSO mission, for studying the representativeness of cross sections along an orbit against network observations on a continental scale, and for supporting the continuous, harmonized observation of aerosol and clouds with remote-sensing techniques from space over long time periods.