Please note that data representing a warmer future climate are flawed by the use of incorrect sea ice coverage data. All data of the 1.5°C and the 2.0°C experiment of this CERA experiment have been replaced by and all data of the current decade and the 57-year-long AMIP experiment have been copied to http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=HAPPI-global-ECHAM6.3_v2. For detailed information refer to that experiment. Global HAPPI-MIP protocol data based on the ECHAM6.3 AGCM developed by the MPI-M (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology). This CERA experiment includes data of five AMIP simulations of the period 1959-2015 and 100 AMIP simulations of 2006-2015. In addition it includes data of 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 1.5°C than under pre-industrial conditions (1861-1880) and 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 2.0°C than under pre-industrial conditions.

Global HAPPI-MIP protocol data based on the ECHAM6.3 [1] AGCM developed by the MPI-M (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology). This CERA experiment includes data of 100 AMIP simulations of the period 2006-2015, five AMIP simulations of 1959-2015, 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 1.5°C than under pre-industrial conditions (1861-1880) and 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 2.0°C than under pre-industrial conditions. The data of the current decade and of the 57-year long simulations are copies of those in https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HAPPI-MIP-global-ECHAM6.3. The other data therein are flawed and are replaced herein by new versions. Reference: [1] doi:10.1002/jame.20015

Please note that data representing a warmer future climate are flawed by the use of incorrect sea ice coverage data. All data of the 1.5°C and the 2.0°C experiment of this CERA experiment have been replaced by and all data of the current decade and the 57-year-long AMIP experiment have been copied to http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=HAPPI-global-ECHAM6.3_v2. For detailed information refer to that experiment. Global HAPPI-MIP protocol data based on the ECHAM6.3 AGCM developed by the MPI-M (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology). This CERA experiment includes data of five AMIP simulations of the period 1959-2015 and 100 AMIP simulations of 2006-2015. In addition it includes data of 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 1.5°C than under pre-industrial conditions (1861-1880) and 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 2.0°C than under pre-industrial conditions.

Global HAPPI-MIP protocol data based on the ECHAM6.3 [1] AGCM developed by the MPI-M (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology). This CERA experiment includes data of 100 AMIP simulations of the period 2006-2015, five AMIP simulations of 1959-2015, 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 1.5°C than under pre-industrial conditions (1861-1880) and 100 AMIP-like simulations of 2106-2115 representing a climate warmer by 2.0°C than under pre-industrial conditions. The data of the current decade and of the 57-year long simulations are copies of those in https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HAPPI-MIP-global-ECHAM6.3. The other data therein are flawed and are replaced herein by new versions. Reference: [1] doi:10.1002/jame.20015

ModE-Sim (short for Modern Era Simulations) is a medium-size ensemble of model simulations using the ECHAM6 atmosphere general circulation model (model version 6.3.5p2, doi:10.17617/2.1810480). Its setup is based on the PMIP4 experiments, but uses a forced AGCM rather than a fully coupled model. ModE-Sim was originally designed to form the a-priori state for a climate reconstruction (Modern Era Reanalysis, ModE-RA, to be found as separate experiment within this WDC project) that uses an offline data assimilation technique to combine the output of ModE-Sim with historical climate information. However, beyond its original purpose ModE-Sim on its own can be used as a tool to study climate variability, providing a high number of posible climate states that are physically plausible under the given forcings and boundary conditions. This might include, e.g. the separation of internal variability from the response to externally forced signals, understanding of teleconnection patterns, or the study of extreme events. The ensemble uses observed/reconstructed forcings and boundary conditions, while accounting in uncertainties in these. For 1420 to 1850 we provide a 60 member ensemble grouped in three subsets. The subset 1420-2 provided in this dataset group has 20 members and uses a 20-member ensemble of perturbed volcanic forcings from the easy volcanic aerosol (EVA) model to account for uncertainties in the strength and the timing of volcanic eruptions. As ocean boundary condition 20 different realizations of SST reconstructions were used and for sea ice analogues were picked from the HadISST2 sea ice, based on the reconstructed SST fields.

ModE-Sim (short for Modern Era Simulations) is a medium-size ensemble of model simulations using the ECHAM6 atmosphere general circulation model (model version 6.3.5p2, doi:10.17617/2.1810480). Its setup is based on the PMIP4 experiments, but uses a forced AGCM rather than a fully coupled model. ModE-Sim was originally designed to form the a-priori state for a climate reconstruction (Modern Era Reanalysis, ModE-RA, to be found as separate experiment within this WDC project) that uses an offline data assimilation technique to combine the output of ModE-Sim with historical climate information. However, beyond its original purpose ModE-Sim on its own can be used as a tool to study climate variability, providing a high number of posible climate states that are physically plausible under the given forcings and boundary conditions. This might include, e.g. the separation of internal variability from the response to externally forced signals, understanding of teleconnection patterns, or the study of extreme events. The ensemble uses observed/reconstructed forcings and boundary conditions, while accounting in uncertainties in these. For 1850 to 2009 ModE-Sim offers 36 members grouped in two subsets, all using PMIP4 radiative forcings. The subset 1850-2 provided in this dataset group has 16 members and uses linear combinations of HadISST2 realizations as SST and HadISST sea ice as ocean boundary conditions.

ModE-Sim (short for Modern Era Simulations) is a medium-size ensemble of model simulations using the ECHAM6 atmosphere general circulation model (model version 6.3.5p2, doi:10.17617/2.1810480). Its setup is based on the PMIP4 experiments, but uses a forced AGCM rather than a fully coupled model. ModE-Sim was originally designed to form the a-priori state for a climate reconstruction (Modern Era Reanalysis, ModE-RA, to be found as separate experiment within this WDC project) that uses an offline data assimilation technique to combine the output of ModE-Sim with historical climate information. However, beyond its original purpose ModE-Sim on its own can be used as a tool to study climate variability, providing a high number of posible climate states that are physically plausible under the given forcings and boundary conditions. This might include, e.g. the separation of internal variability from the response to externally forced signals, understanding of teleconnection patterns, or the study of extreme events. The ensemble uses observed/reconstructed forcings and boundary conditions, while accounting in uncertainties in these. For 1850 to 2009 ModE-Sim offers 36 members grouped in two subsets, all using PMIP4 radiative forcings. The subset 1850-1 provided in this dataset group has 20 members and uses 10 different realizations of HadISST2 (two different ModE-Sim members share one realization of HadISST while they differ in their initialization) and according sea ice as ocean boundary conditions. In contrast to the other ModE-Sim sets, for set 1850-1 no forcings are provided within this dataset group. This is because for set 1850-1 only standard forcings and boundary conditions were used, i.e. PMIP4 volcanoes and HadISST sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst2/.

ModE-Sim (short for Modern Era Simulations) is a medium-size ensemble of model simulations using the ECHAM6 atmosphere general circulation model (model version 6.3.5p2, doi:10.17617/2.1810480). Its setup is based on the PMIP4 experiments, but uses a forced AGCM rather than a fully coupled model. ModE-Sim was originally designed to form the a-priori state for a climate reconstruction (Modern Era Reanalysis, ModE-RA, to be found as separate experiment within this WDC project) that uses an offline data assimilation technique to combine the output of ModE-Sim with historical climate information. However, beyond its original purpose ModE-Sim on its own can be used as a tool to study climate variability, providing a high number of posible climate states that are physically plausible under the given forcings and boundary conditions. This might include, e.g. the separation of internal variability from the response to externally forced signals, understanding of teleconnection patterns, or the study of extreme events. The ensemble uses observed/reconstructed forcings and boundary conditions, while accounting in uncertainties in these. For 1420 to 1850 we provide a 60 member ensemble grouped in three subsets. The subset 1420-3 provided in this dataset group has 20 members and uses PMIP4 radiative forcings. As ocean boundary condition 20 different realizations of SST reconstructions were used and for sea ice a climatology was computed from the years 1850-1900 from HadISST2 sea ice.

ModE-Sim (short for Modern Era Simulations) is a medium-size ensemble of model simulations using the ECHAM6 atmosphere general circulation model (model version 6.3.5p2, doi:10.17617/2.1810480). Its setup is based on the PMIP4 experiments, but uses a forced AGCM rather than a fully coupled model. ModE-Sim was originally designed to form the a-priori state for a climate reconstruction (Modern Era Reanalysis, ModE-RA, to be found as separate experiment within this WDC project) that uses an offline data assimilation technique to combine the output of ModE-Sim with historical climate information. However, beyond its original purpose ModE-Sim on its own can be used as a tool to study climate variability, providing a high number of posible climate states that are physically plausible under the given forcings and boundary conditions. This might include, e.g. the separation of internal variability from the response to externally forced signals, understanding of teleconnection patterns, or the study of extreme events. The ensemble uses observed/reconstructed forcings and boundary conditions, while accounting in uncertainties in these. For 1420 to 1850 we provide a 60 member ensemble grouped in three subsets. The subset 1420-1 provided in this dataset group has 20 members and uses PMIP4 radiative forcings. As ocean boundary condition 20 different realizations of SST reconstructions were used and for sea ice analogues were picked from the HadISST2 sea ice, based on the reconstructed SST fields.