amipFuture is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. amipFuture (6.6 AMIP plus patterned anomaly) - Version 2: Consistent with CFMIP requirements, add a patterned SST perturbation to the AMIP SSTs of expt. 3.3 (which is the 'control' for this run). Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf ) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc .

Dropsondes (mobile radiosondes) were launched by 5 mobile radiosonde teams. The launching sites were different from IOP to IOP. The positions are identical with the positions of the meteorological towers (imkmt1 to imkmt4). There have been no more than 4 teams operational on each IOP. The dropsondes are radiosonde-like systems. The maximum height is 12050 m above MSL. At this height, the sondes are separated from the balloon and then glide to the ground. Drop points are up to 70 kilometres apart from launching sites. For detailed information about the sites see supplement file and map.

The data represent monthly avarage values of a simulation, initialized in the same year as experimnet 20C_3, with an annual CO2 increase of 1% until doubling in 1930. Between 1931 and 2080 the CO2 concentration was held constant. All other concentrations remain at their preindustrial levels (nominally year 1860). Data with higher resolution (6 hourly) are also available. Technical data to this experiment: The experiment is using ECHAM5.2.02a coupeld to MPI-OM Vers. 1.0 GR1.5L40 The output from the model run: hurrikan.dkrz.de:/ut/k/k204076/EXP000/run008

The SRNWP-PEPS consists of 21 different operational limited area models: Weather Service / Limited Area Model / Resolution [km] / Coupling Model / Forcast Period / Time Interval [h] / Main Run [UTC] Denmark HIRLAM 16 ECMWF +60h 1 0, 6, 12, 18 Finland HIRLAM 22 ECMWF +54h 1 0, 6, 12, 18 Ireland HIRLAM 16 ECMWF +48h 3 0, 6, 12, 18 Netherlands HIRLAM 22 ECMWF +48h 1 0, 6, 12, 18 Spain HIRLAM 18 ECMWF +48h 1 0, 6, 12, 18 Norway HIRLAM 22 ECMWF +30h 1 0, 12 Sweden I HIRLAM 11 ECMWF +48h 3 0, 6, 12, 18 Sweden II HIRLAM 22 ECMWF +48h 3 0, 6, 12, 18 Belgium ALADIN 15 ARPEGE +60h 1 0, 12 Austria ALADIN_A 9.6 ARPEGE +48h 1 0, 12 France ALADIN_F 11 ARPEGE +48h 3 0, 12 Croatia ALADIN_L 8.9 ARPEGE +48h 3 0, 12 Czech Rep. ALADIN_L 11 ARPEGE +48h 1 0, 12 Hungary ALADIN_L 11 ARPEGE +48h 1 0, 12 Slovakia ALADIN_L 11 ARPEGE +48h 3 0, 12 Slovenia ALADIN_L 9.5 ARPEGE +48h 3 0, 12 United Kingdom UKMO-LAM 12 UM global +48h 3 0, 6, 12, 18 Germany LME 7 GME +78h 1 0, 12 // Germany LME 7 GME +48h 1 6, 18 Switzerland aLMo 7 ECMWF +72h 1 0, 12 Italy EuroLM 7 EuroHRM +60h 3 0, 12 Poland LM 14 GME +72h 3 0, 12 The relation between these models and the numbers of the SRNWP PEPS ensemble is anonymous. The SRNWP-PEPS generates probability forecasts by interpreting the overlapping areas of the single forecasts as members of a local ensemble. Due to the different domains of the deterministic models the size of the ensemble depends on location. Hence the quality of the forecasted probability distributions varies over the PEPS domain. THE PLEV data set could not be provided for PEPS. Grid description: xsize,ysize,xinc, yinc differ for ensemble members (see datasets) CDOM: xfirst: 6.0 yfirst: 47.0 xnpole: 0.0 ynpole: 0.0 DDOM: xfirst: 2.0 yfirst: 43.0 xnpole: 0.0 ynpole: 0.0

The assessment of climate change impacts on the North Sea and the overlying atmosphere requires reliable reference data in order to identify change and impacts against a highly variable background with time scales from hours to multi-decadal. Therefore, in the frame work of the research programme "KLIWAS - Impacts of climate change on waterways and navigation - Searching for options of adaptation" of the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS), a new climatology was developed in a close co-operation of the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), the German Meteorological Service (DWD) and the Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC) of the University Hamburg. All available oceanographic in-situ data for temperature and salinity have been carefully checked for quality before further processing, while the atmospheric data had already been quality controlled by the DWD. More than 13 million temperature and 12 million salinity (starting in 1890) as well as more than 19 million atmospheric data (air temperature, dew point and air pressure starting in 1950) have been processed. Monthly averages have been created on specified grids for the ocean and atmosphere. For the first time oceanographic and meteorological climatologies are provided on a coordinated grid. The climatological data set is supposed to be growing with time and new data can be implemented as they are collected. it is planned to add additional parameters in future. The climatologies will be used to analyse the temporal and spatial variability in the North Sea area and deduce long-term trends. Additional the data sets will be needed for the validation of regional climate scenarios. The products are publicly available at the ICDC portal ( http://icdc.cen.uni-hamburg.de/1/projekte/knsc.html ).

Non hydrostatic model Moloch, developed at ISAC CNR and operational at ARPAL CFMI-PC. Initial and boundary conditions provided by the model chain based on bolam and initialized with the 00 UTC ECMWF run. Grid description: DDOM: xfirst: -1.99 yfirst: -1.93 xsize: 200.0 ysize: 194.0 xinc: 0.02 yinc: 0.02 xnpole: -171.0 ynpole: 45.0

"amip4xco2" is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 6.5 amip4xco2 (6.5 4xCO2 AMIP) - Version 1: Identical to expt. 6.2b, but with AMIP SSTs prescribed as in expt. 3.3 (which is the control for this run). Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

---- The bulletin collects CLIMAT reports: FM 71 (CLIMAT, Report of monthly values from a land station). (Refer to WMO No.306 - Manual on Codes for the definition of WMO international codes) ---- The CSLV10 TTAAii Data Designators decode (2) as: T1 (C): Climatic data. T2 (S): Monthly means (surface). A1A2 (LV): Latvia. (2: Refer to WMO No.386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5) ---- The bulletin collects reports from stations: Aluksne, Liepaja and Daugavpils

piControl is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 3.1 piControl (3.1 Pre-Industrial Control) - Version 1: Pre-Industrial coupled atmosphere/ocean control run. Imposes non-evolving pre-industrial conditions. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf ) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc .

rcp85 is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 4.2 rcp85 (4.2 RCP8.5) - Version 1: Future projection (2006-2100) forced by RCP8.5. RCP8.5 is a representative concentration pathway which approximately results in a radiative forcing of 8.5 W m-2 at year 2100, relative to pre-industrial conditions. RCPs are time-dependent, consistent projections of emissions and concentrations of radiatively active gases and particles. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf ) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc .