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  • Grids are derived from DWD stations and legally and equivalent partner stations in Germany.

  • The online map displays the location, surface extension and environmental hazard potentials for 100 mine sites for iron, copper and bauxite. The map contains standard map tools, filter functions and info boxes providing back-ground information on the OekoRess III project and the applied evaluation method. When the user clicks on each mine site displayed, a drop-down list appears that contains further site-specific information and a link for down-loading a factsheet (pdf).

  • SWACI is a research project of DLR supported by the State Government of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Radio signals, transmitted by modern communication and navigation systems may be heavily disturbed by space weather hazards. Thus, severe temporal and spatial changes of the electron density in the ionosphere may significantly degrade the signal quality of various radio systems which even may lead to a complete loss of the signal. By providing specific space weather information, in particular now- and forecast of the ionospheric state, the accuracy and reliability of impacted communication and navigation systems shall be improved. Small scale irregularities of the ionospheric plasma may cause fluctuations of the signal strength of radio waves. The S4-Index is a measure to describe the amplitude- respectively the intensity fluctuations of a signal. The σφ-Index, describes the behaviour of carrier phase fluctuations. Both indices are calculated over a one minute interval. DLR’s high rate GNSS measurement network ranges from auroral to equatorial latitudes. The measurements are provided in near real time by DLR’s Experimentation and Verification Network (EVnet) [Noack et al., 2004, 2005]. We thank the hosting institutes for supplying the required infrastructure.

  • SWACI is a research project of DLR supported by the State Government of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Radio signals, transmitted by modern communication and navigation systems may be heavily disturbed by space weather hazards. Thus, severe temporal and spatial changes of the electron density in the ionosphere may significantly degrade the signal quality of various radio systems which even may lead to a complete loss of the signal. By providing specific space weather information, in particular now- and forecast of the ionospheric state, the accuracy and reliability of impacted communication and navigation systems shall be improved. The total electron content (TEC) is defined as the integral of the electron density along the ray path between satellite and receiver. Thus, TEC provides the number of electrons per square meter. The most frequently used unit is 1TECU = 1x1016 electrons / m2. TEC is derived from dual frequency code and carrier phase measurements provided by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). SWACI uses GPS measurements from various European GNSS networks such as the International GNSS Service (IGS), European Reference Frame (EUREF), Norwegian Mapping Authority (NMA), and ascos distributed by the Federal Agency of Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) Frankfurt. The global TEC maps are mainly created by using data provided by the International GNSS Service Real-Time Pilot Project (IGS-RTPP). To generate TEC maps of vertical TEC, the slant measurements have to be transformed to the vertical. In a first approximation the ionospheric range error in GNSS is proportional to TEC. These TEC maps are used to derive latitudinal and zonal gradients, rate of change of TEC (5 min increments), 27 days medians, hourly forecasts of TEC, and corresponding error estimates. Spatial resolution (latitude x longitude): 2 °x 2° (Europe), 2.5° x 5° (globally)

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