Digitale Orthophotos flächendeckend für das Gebiet der Stadt Hamm, in belaubtem Zustand, im Blattschnitt der DGK

This product shows globally the daily snow cover extent (SCE). The snow cover extent is the result of the Global SnowPack processor's interpolation steps and all data gaps have been filled. Snow cover extent is updated daily and processed in near real time (3 days lag). In addition to the near real-time product (NRT_SCE), the entire annual data set is processed again after the end of a calendar year in order to close data gaps etc. and the result is made available as a quality-tested SCE product. There is also a quality layer for each day (SCE_Accuracy), which reflects the quality of the snow determination based on the time interval to the next "cloud-free" day, the time of year and the topographical/geographical location. The “Global SnowPack” is derived from daily, operational MODIS snow cover product for each day since February 2000. Data gaps due to polar night and cloud cover are filled in several processing steps, which provides a unique global data set characterized by its high accuracy, spatial resolution of 500 meters and continuous future expansion. It consists of the two main elements daily snow cover extent (SCE) and seasonal snow cover duration (SCD; full and for early and late season). Both parameters have been designated by the WMO as essential climate variables, the accurate determination of which is important in order to be able to record the effects of climate change. Changes in the largest part of the cryosphere in terms of area have drastic effects on people and the environment. For more information please also refer to: Dietz, A.J., Kuenzer, C., Conrad, C., 2013. Snow-cover variability in central Asia between 2000 and 2011 derived from improved MODIS daily snow-cover products. International Journal of Remote Sensing 34, 3879–3902. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.767480 Dietz, A.J., Kuenzer, C., Dech, S., 2015. Global SnowPack: a new set of snow cover parameters for studying status and dynamics of the planetary snow cover extent. Remote Sensing Letters 6, 844–853. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2015.1084551 Dietz, A.J., Wohner, C., Kuenzer, C., 2012. European Snow Cover Characteristics between 2000 and 2011 Derived from Improved MODIS Daily Snow Cover Products. Remote Sensing 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4082432 Dietz, J.A., Conrad, C., Kuenzer, C., Gesell, G., Dech, S., 2014. Identifying Changing Snow Cover Characteristics in Central Asia between 1986 and 2014 from Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212752 Rößler, S., Witt, M.S., Ikonen, J., Brown, I.A., Dietz, A.J., 2021. Remote Sensing of Snow Cover Variability and Its Influence on the Runoff of Sápmi’s Rivers. Geosciences 11, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030130

The hyperspectral instrument DESIS (DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer) is one of four possible payloads of MUSES (Multi-User System for Earth Sensing), which is mounted on the International Space Station (ISS). DLR developed and delivered a Visual/Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer to Teledyne Brown Engineering, which was responsible for integrating the instrument. Teledyne Brown designed and constructed, integrated and tested the platform before delivered to NASA. Teledyne Brown collaborates with DLR in several areas, including basic and applied research for use of data. DESIS is operated in the wavelength range from visible through the near infrared and enables precise data acquisition from Earth's surface for applications including fire-detection, change detection, maritime domain awareness, and atmospheric research. Three product types can be ordered, which are Level 1B (systematic and radiometric corrected), Level 1C (geometrically corrected) and Level 2A (atmospherically corrected). The spatial resolution is about 30m on ground. DESIS is sensitive between 400nm and 1000nm with a spectral resolution of about 3.3nm. DESIS data are delivered in tiles of about 30x30km. For more information concerning DESIS the reader is referred to https://www.dlr.de/eoc/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-13614/

F-SAR, “Flugzeug-SAR”, is an airborne high-resolution imaging radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar) sensor presently operated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute (HR) since November 02, 2006. It is operated on a Dornier Do-228 aircraft from altitudes of 2000 to 6000 m above ground in five different center frequency bands (X,C,S,L,P). Wavelengths range from 3 cm, 5 cm, 9 cm, 23 cm to 67 cm. Ka-band (1 cm wavelength) is planned to be added. Up to four center-frequencies (X,S,L,P) or (X,C,L,P) can be operated simultaneously per overflight. All frequencies are fully polarimetric (HH,HV,VV,VH) and have full repeat-pass capabilities. Single-pass interferometry in along-track (ATI) and across-track mode is available in X-band (ATI and/or XTI) and S-band (XTI). Data are processed up to three different levels: RGI (Radar Geometry Image product), INF (Repeat-pass-interferometric product) and GTC (Geocoded and Terrain-Corrected product). Resolutions range from 25 cm (X-band) to 1.5 m (P-band) in both azimuth and range direction. Data acquisition modes are typically “stripmap”, “repeat-pass” (two parallel tracks), “tomography” (several parallel tracks), ”circular” (one circle) or “circular-tomography” (several vertically distributed circles). Individually planned experiments can also be supported. For more information concerning F-SAR data, the reader is referred to: www.dlr.de/hr/f-sar

The PlanetScope satellite constellation, called ‘Flock’, consists of multiple launches of groups of individual Dove satellites into a 400 km orbit. Some of them were launched from the ISS. Therefore, on-orbit capacity is constantly improving in capability or quantity. Each Dove satellite is a CubeSat with a size of 10 x 10 x 34 cm. The complete PlanetScope constellation of approximately 130 satellites is able to image the entire land surface of the Earth every day, equating to a daily collection capacity of 200 million km². In 2014 the first Dove satellites started operationally acquiring images from the earth’s surface. The optical sensors mounted on the individual Dove satellites operate in the visual and near-infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum with a spatial resolution between 3 and 5 meters. A third generation of PlanetScope sensors (known as SuperDove or PSB.SD) is currently in orbit and is producing limited quantities of imagery with 5 spectral bands (BGRNIR + Red Edge). These satellites have the potential to produce imagery with 8 separate spectral bands. The RapidEye Science Archive (RESA), which allows Germany-based researchers to apply for free PlanetScope imagery, is operated by the German Satellite Data Archive (D-SDA) of DLR’s Earth Observation Center and can be accessed via the EOWEB Geoportal. New PlanetScope data as well as archive data which is not yet part of the RESA collections can be applied for at Planet Labs Germany GmbH under the RESA contract. For more information see: https://www.planet.com/resa/ This collection comprises the PlanetScope L3A OrthoTile products which are orthorectified as individual 25 km by 25 km tiles referenced to a fixed, standard image tile grid system. The OrthoTile products are radiometrically-, sensor-, and geometrically-corrected and aligned to a cartographic map projection. The Surface Reflectance layer which corrects for the effects of the Earth's atmosphere is included in the product.

The RapidEye Earth observation system comprised five satellites equipped with high-resolution optical sensors. Co-funded by the German Federal Government, the fleet of satellites was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in 2008. RapidEye is owned by Planet Labs, Inc.. It has been operated by Planet Labs Germany GmbH until the constellation was retired in March 2020. With all 5 satellites arranged in one orbit the RapidEye constellation was capable of taking images of the Earth's surface at high repeat rates with a maximum of 5 million km² per day. With a spatial resolution of 6.5m the 5-band sensors onboard the RapidEye satellites operated in the visible and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. For more information see: https://www.dlr.de/rd/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2440/3586_read-5336/ The PlanetScope data of this collection has been purchased by the German Space Agency with funds from the Ministry of Economy and is available for Germany-based researchers for scientific use. The data collection is maintained by the German Satellite Data Archive (D-SDA) of DLR’s Earth Observation Center and can be accessed via the EOWEB Geoportal. The RapidEye Basic Scene (L1B) product is radiometrically- and sensor-corrected, providing imagery as seen from the spacecraft without correction for any geometric distortions inherent in the imaging process, and is not mapped to a cartographic projection. The imagery data is accompanied by all spacecraft telemetry necessary for the processing of the data into a geo-corrected form. For more details see: https://assets.planet.com/docs/Planet_Combined_Imagery_Product_Specs_letter_screen.pdf

This dataset clc5 (2018) describes the landscape according to the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature. These classes contain mainly information about landcover mixed with some aspects of landuse. CLC5 is based on the more detailed German landcover model from 2018 (LBM-DE2018) which uses separate classes for landcover and landuse and attribute-information about percentage of vegetation and sealing. The mimimum unit for an object is 1 ha. For the CLC5 dataset landcover and landuse classes are combined to unique CLC-classes taking into account the percentage of vegetation and sealing , followed by a generalisation process.