The data are from a multi-decadal tide-surge hindcast 1958-2004 for the North Sea using the TELEMAC2D model. Data (sea surface elevation, depth averaged currents) are available every hour on an unstructured grid with about 27,000 nodes and varying resolution ranging from about 5 km in the open North Sea to about 75m near the coast and within estuarys. The model was driven by hourly atmospheric data from a multi-decadal atmospheric hindcast ( http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Entry.jsp?acronym=coastDat-1_SN-REMO ) and, at the open boundries, by the most relevant tidal constituents. In addition, hourly sea level data from Aberdeen were assimilated at the Northern boundary to account for external surges.

The experiment contains baroclinic hindcast simulations of the North Sea by the hydrodynamic model HAMSOM (Pohlmann, 2006) for the period 1948-2007. HAMSOM was set up at a spatial resolution of 20' x 12' and with 19 vertical levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 350, 600 and 1000m, lower boundary level). The data-set contains hourly output of temperature, salinity, u- and v-component (3-dim) and water level (2-dim). At the open boundaries, lateral boundary conditions are obtained from a coarser, large-scale Northwest-European shelf sea model driven by climatological temperature and salinity obtained from Levitus (1982). For water levels, in addition the eight significant tidal constituents (M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, Q1 and P1) are included and weather effects are accounted for by using wind and pressure fields from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 (Kalnay et al., 1996). Due to technical reasons at the lateral boundaries the water level was added by 0.5m. Atmospheric forcing was obtained from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 data-set comprising near-surface air-temperature, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, sea level pressure and near surface wind speed and direction. The output format is netCDF.

Regional simulation with the fully coupled physical-biogeochemical model ECOSMO II. Model details and setup specifications are described in Daewel and Schrum (2013). The basis for ECOSMO II is a baroclinic hydrodynamic coupled sea-ice model (Schrum and Backhaus, 1999), which is coupled to a lower trophic level ecosystem NPZD-model. The experiment contains hindcast simulations for the coupled North Sea and Baltic Sea ecosystem for the period 1948-2008 forced by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (Kalnay et al., 1996). The spatial resolution is 6’ x 10’ in the horizontal and 20 layers in the vertical. The data-set contains daily averaged data. Data for biological, physical and ice variables are stored in separate files. The 3d model grid is defined in ECOSMOII_NCEP.1948-2008.dm.griddef.000000.nc (https://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/cerasearch/entry?acronym=ECOSMOII_NCEP_griddef ), which contains information on vertical layer thickness in each model grid-box. The output format is netCDF.

The data are from multi-decadal hindcast simulation with the wave model WAM 4.5 covering the entire Baltic Sea using a grid size of about 5.5x5.5 km (0.05 degrees latitude x 0.10 degrees longitude). The hindcast covers the period 1958-2002. Integrated parameter derived from 2D spectra are available every hour; the wave spectra are available with a 3-hour time step. Atmospheric forcing was obtained from an atmospheric hindcast with SN-REMO (http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-1_SN-REMO) driven by the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 data set (Kalnay et al.,1996). Lateral boundary conditions were obtained from corresponding hindcast for the southern North Sea driven by the same atmospheric forcing (http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-1_Waves).

High RESolution Atmospheric Forcing Fields (HiResAFF) consist of key meteorological variables on daily scale which are typically used to drive ocean or ecosystem models. The fields are reconstructed through non-linear statistical upscaling using the analog-method (Schenk and Zorita, 2012). The method resamples atmospheric fields from a regional climate model (RCAO/RCA3) in time based on the best pattern similarity in the predictor space of homogenous historical station data since 1850. The dataset provides physically consistent homogeneous atmospheric fields suitable to derive long-term simulations and statistical analysis since 1850 over the North Sea and Baltic Sea region of Europe. The analog-method and reconstruction skill is described in Schenk and Zorita (2012) and the extended dataset to 1850 in Schenk (2015). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 217246 made with the joint Baltic Sea research and development programme BONUS, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (03F0492A).

This is an atmospheric hourly hindcast for Western Europe and the North Atlantic using REMO with spectral nudging from 1948-2007. The model uses a rotated grid with 81 x 91 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.5 degrees, the North pole is located at 170 W, 32.5 N. In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 19.5 W to 20.5 E, 25 S to 20 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 10.4 W to 70.7 E, 29.6 N to 67.8 N.

This is a North Sea wave hindcast for the period 1949-2014. The simulation has been performed with the wave model WAM Version 4.5.4. The model domain covers the area from 51N to 59N and 4.75W to 13E, with a spatial resolution of 0.05 degree latitude x 0.075 degree longitude (approx. 3 by 3 nautical miles). Integrated parameter derived from 2D spectra are available every hour. Atmospheric forcing was obtained from an atmospheric hindcast with COSMO-CLM (doi:10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM) driven by the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 data set. Lateral boundary conditions were obtained from corresponding coarse grid hindcast covering most of the Northeast Atlantic driven by the same atmospheric forcing.

Hindcast atmospheric simulation for the North Sea using COSMO6.0-CLM version driven with ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The covered period is from 2008 to 2018 with hourly frequency output. The model uses a rotated grid with 356 x 396 grid points and a grid spacing of 0.02 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 180 W, 30 N. We gratefully acknowledge financial support through the H2Mare PtX-Wind project with funds provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under Grant No. 03HY302J.

Hindcast atmospheric simulation for the North Sea using COSMO6.0-CLMWF version driven with ERA-Interim reanalysis data and the wind farm parametrization from Fitch et al., 2012 (referenced by Elizalde, 2023) with wind turbines of 3.6 MW rated capacity. The covered period is from 2008 to 2018 with hourly frequency output. The model uses a rotated grid with 356 x 396 grid points and a grid spacing of 0.02 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 180 W, 30 N. We gratefully acknowledge financial support through the H2Mare PtX-Wind project with funds provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under Grant No. 03HY302J.

Hindcast atmospheric simulation for the North Sea using COSMO6.0-CLM version driven with ERA5 reanalysis data. The covered period is from 2008 to 2011 with hourly frequency output. The model uses a rotated grid with 356 x 396 grid points and a grid spacing of 0.02 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 180 W, 30 N. We gratefully acknowledge financial support through the H2Mare PtX-Wind project with funds provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under Grant No. 03HY302J.