High-resolution simulations of the palaeoclimate are carried out throughout Europe. A set of climate simulations will be performed, based on the so-called time slicing technique. The simulations are performed with the state-of-the-art regional climate model COSMO-CLM (cosmo_4.8_clm19) at a horizontal resolution of 0.44° longitude and 40 vertical levels. The COSMO-CLM is a non-hydrostatic RCM with rotated geographical coordinates and a terrain following height coordinate (Rockel et al., 2008), developed by the German Weather Service (DWD) of the COSMO model (Doms and Schättler, 2003). The ECHAM5 output is used as a boundary data set for the dynamic downscaling approach. Detailed information on the model set-up can be found in Russo and Cubasch (2016). Russo, E. and Cubasch, U.: Mid-to-late Holocene temperature evolution and atmospheric dynamics over Europe in regional model simulations, Clim. Past, 12, 1645-1662, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1645-2016, 2016.

These are two atmospheric hourly hindcasts for Siberia using COSMO-CLM (CCLM) version 4.8_clm_11 with spectral nudging. The hindcast CCLM_sib_NCEP1 covers a period from 1948-2010 and has been performed using NCEP-R1 Reanalysis as global atmospheric forcing for the initialization and regional boundaries. The hindcast CCLM_sib_ERA40 was driven by ERA-40 from 1959-2001. CCLM uses a rotated grid with 76 x 76 grid points (without the sponge zone) and a grid point distance of 0.44 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 75 W, 35 N. In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 14.72 W to 18.28 E, 9.72 S to 27.68 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 41.2 W to 174.9 E, 42 N to 82.7 N. For all variables lon, lat and the value of the 18:00 time record for the last day is added. The output from the model run: Blizzard

This is an atmospheric hourly hindcast for the German Bight using COSMO-CLM version 5.00_clm2 from 1948-August 2015 (http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/documentation/core/default.htm). The model uses a rotated grid with 250 x 180 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.025 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 172.97 W, 34.925 N. The forcing is coastDat2 doi:10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM . In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 2.25 W to 2.25 E, 3.125 S to 3.125 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 1.3 E to 12.8 E, 52.7 N to 57.3 N.

This is an atmospheric hourly hindcast for Western Europe and the North Atlantic using COSMO-CLM version 4.8_clm_11 with spectral nudging from 1948-2012. The model uses a rotated grid with 254 x 248 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.22 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 170 W, 35 N. In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 30.44 W to 25.22 E, 25.72 S to 28.62 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 68 W to 82 E, 25.6 N to 81.4 N.

This is an atmospheric hindcast for Western Europe and the North Atlantic using COSMO-CLM version 5.0 with spectral nudging from 2002-2017. MERRA2 reanalysis data are used as forcing. Additionally transient and monthly aerosol data of the MACv2 climatology are prescribed. The model uses a rotated grid with 566 x 481 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.0625 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 162.0 W, 39.25 N. The published data excludes the sponge zone and have 526 x 441 grid points. In rotated coordinates the published simulation data extends from 22.64 W to 10.18 E, 11.2 S to 16.3 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 12 W to 30 E, 39 N to 60 N. institution: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Germany source: int2lm_131101_2.00_clm4, COSMO-CLM5.0_clm14_aerosol_gust (available at DKRZ's LTA WDCC service), http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/documentation/core/default.htm contact: http://coastmod.hzg.de originator: Ronny Petrik crs: EPSG:4326

High-resolution simulations of the palaeoclimate are carried out throughout Europe. A set of climate simulations will be performed, based on the so-called time slicing technique. The simulations are performed with the state-of-the-art regional climate model COSMO-CLM (cosmo_4.8_clm19) at a horizontal resolution of 0.44° longitude and 40 vertical levels. The COSMO-CLM is a non-hydrostatic RCM with rotated geographical coordinates and a terrain following height coordinate (Rockel et al., 2008), developed by the German Weather Service (DWD) of the COSMO model (Doms and Schättler, 2003). The ECHAM5 output is used as a boundary data set for the dynamic downscaling approach. Detailed information on the model set-up can be found in Russo and Cubasch (2016). Russo, E. and Cubasch, U.: Mid-to-late Holocene temperature evolution and atmospheric dynamics over Europe in regional model simulations, Clim. Past, 12, 1645-1662, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1645-2016, 2016.

This is an atmospheric hourly hindcast for Western Europe and the North Atlantic using COSMO-CLM version 4.8_clm_11 with spectral nudging from 1948-2012. The model uses a rotated grid with 254 x 248 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.22 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 170 W, 35 N. In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 30.44 W to 25.22 E, 25.72 S to 28.62 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 68 W to 82 E, 25.6 N to 81.4 N.

These are two atmospheric hourly hindcasts for Siberia using COSMO-CLM (CCLM) version 4.8_clm_11 with spectral nudging. The hindcast CCLM_sib_NCEP1 covers a period from 1948-2010 and has been performed using NCEP-R1 Reanalysis as global atmospheric forcing for the initialization and regional boundaries. The hindcast CCLM_sib_ERA40 was driven by ERA-40 from 1959-2001. CCLM uses a rotated grid with 76 x 76 grid points (without the sponge zone) and a grid point distance of 0.44 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 75 W, 35 N. In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 14.72 W to 18.28 E, 9.72 S to 27.68 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 41.2 W to 174.9 E, 42 N to 82.7 N. For all variables lon, lat and the value of the 18:00 time record for the last day is added. The output from the model run: Blizzard

This is an atmospheric hourly hindcast for the German Bight using COSMO-CLM version 5.00_clm2 from 1948-August 2015 (http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/documentation/core/default.htm). The model uses a rotated grid with 250 x 180 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.025 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 172.97 W, 34.925 N. The forcing is coastDat2 doi:10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM . In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 2.25 W to 2.25 E, 3.125 S to 3.125 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 1.3 E to 12.8 E, 52.7 N to 57.3 N.

This is an atmospheric hindcast for Western Europe and the North Atlantic using COSMO-CLM version 5.0 with spectral nudging from 2002-2017. MERRA2 reanalysis data are used as forcing. Additionally transient and monthly aerosol data of the MACv2 climatology are prescribed. The model uses a rotated grid with 566 x 481 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.0625 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 162.0 W, 39.25 N. The published data excludes the sponge zone and have 526 x 441 grid points. In rotated coordinates the published simulation data extends from 22.64 W to 10.18 E, 11.2 S to 16.3 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 12 W to 30 E, 39 N to 60 N. institution: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Germany source: int2lm_131101_2.00_clm4, COSMO-CLM5.0_clm14_aerosol_gust (available at DKRZ's LTA WDCC service), http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/documentation/core/default.htm contact: http://coastmod.hzg.de originator: Ronny Petrik crs: EPSG:4326