RCM forcing data from the first realisation of the CMIP5 experiment amip. The experiment covers the years 1979 to 2008 with a three year initialized spinup phase. (Realisations differ by a small disturbance of the initial state only, and therefore by their restart files only)

RCM forcing data from three realisations of the CMIP5 experiment amip. The experiment covers the years 1979 to 2008 with a three year initialized spinup phase. Realisations differ by a small disturbance of the initial state only, and therefore by their restart files only.

RCM forcing data from the first realisation r1i1p1f1 of the CMIP6/CMIP DECK experiment amip (original name of the simulation "amip-HR"), conducted with the MPI-ESM1-2-HR on the Mistral supercomputer of the DKRZ. The experiment covers the years 1979 to 2014. The file format is gzip-compressed GRIB (*.grb.gz). CMIP6 website: https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6 CMIP6 paper: https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/9/1937/2016/gmd-9-1937-2016.html Experiment description amip: An atmosphere only climate simulation using prescribed sea surface temperature and sea ice concentrations but with other conditions as in the Historical simulation.

RCM forcing data from 2 realisations (r2i1p1f1, r3i1p1f1) of the CMIP6/CMIP DECK experiment amip, conducted with the MPI-ESM1-2-HR on the Mistral supercomputer of the DKRZ. The experiment covers the years 1979 to 2014. The two variants have been created by modulating the horizontal diffusion coefficient of the top model layer by a factor 1.00001 (amip_r2i1p1f1) and 0.99999 (amip_r3i1p1f1) for the year 1979. The file format is gzip-compressed GRIB (*.grb.gz). CMIP6 website: https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6 CMIP6 paper: https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/9/1937/2016/gmd-9-1937-2016.html Experiment description amip: An atmosphere only climate simulation using prescribed sea surface temperature and sea ice concentrations but with other conditions as in the Historical simulation.

These experiments are supplemental experiments for the CMIP6 Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project (GMMIP), by using the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System (FGOALS-f3-L) climate system model. The experiments contain three datasets groups, which examine both the thermal and dynamical effects of Mongolia Plateau and surrounding regions. These datasets are provided for understanding the response of the weather and climate changes in the middle and high latitudes to the mechanical and thermal forcing of the Mongolia Plateau. The numerical model we used is FGOALS-f3-L model. The CAS FGOALS-f3-L model is structured with five components: version 2.2 of the Finite volume Atmospheric model (FAMIL) ,which is the next generation atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) Spectral Atmospheric Model (SAMIL); version 3 of the LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model (LICOM3); version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM4) ; and version 4 of the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE4). The fluxes are exchanged between these components using version 7 of the coupler module from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The CAS FGOALS-f3-L model grid system is cube sphere, which contains 6 tiles, each tile contains 96 grids (C96). For the globe, the longitudinal extent is divided into 384 grids, and the latitudinal area is divided into 192 grids, which results in an approximate 1° horizontal resolution. In the vertical direction, the model adopts hybrid coordinates with 32 layers, where the model top is 2.16 hPa. For the Mongolia plateau orographical perturbations experiments here, three Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) types of experiments were conducted, including amip, amip-NMO and amip-NS-MO. The specific differences of the three experiments are as follows: the first experiment (amip) is a reference experiment, which is designed the same as in CMIP6 DECK amip experiment, but the integration lasts from 1979 to 2021; the second experiment (amip-NMO) is the orographic perturbation experiment that remove the Mongolian Plateau; the third experiment (amip-NS-MO) is the thermal perturbation experiment, which removes the surface sensible heating over the Mongolian Plateau and surrounding regions at altitudes above 500 m. The model output contains 42 monthly mean variables from January 1979 to November 2021, such as Surface Altitude (orog), Percentage Cloud Cover (cl), Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux (hfls), Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation (rlds), etc. It also contains the 1-hourly, 6-hourly, and daily datasets, but only the monthly mean datasets are submitted to the WDCC due to the storage issue. These experiments have not been entered into any other fields. These data sets will help to understand the contribution of the Mongolian Plateau to the monsoon circulation in the middle and high latitudes, winter cold waves and even extreme events, and also help to better understand the influence of Asian topography on the global monsoon system. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42288101, 42122035, and 91937302) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2022YFF0802003)

RCM forcing data from three realisations of the CMIP5 experiment amip. The experiment covers the years 1979 to 2008 with a three year initialized spinup phase. Realisations differ by a small disturbance of the initial state only, and therefore by their restart files only.

RCM forcing data from the first realisation of the CMIP5 experiment amip. The experiment covers the years 1979 to 2008 with a three year initialized spinup phase. (Realisations differ by a small disturbance of the initial state only, and therefore by their restart files only)

amip is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the IPCC AR5. This subset of the CMIP5 additional historical data were collected by ETH Zurich until 15th March 2013 in support of IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 ( http://wiki.c2sm.ethz.ch/COSMO/CMIP5 ). These data are part of the IPCC-DDC AR5. amip (3.3 AMIP) - Version 2: AMIP (1979 - at least 2008). Impose SSTs and sea ice from observations but with other conditions as in experiment 3.2 historical. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Data are structured and entry names are set according to the ETH Zurich Archive layout: "experiment/MIP table/variable/model/ensemble member/CMOR filename.nc"

'amip' is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 3.3 amip (3.3 AMIP) - Version 1: AMIP (1979 - at least 2008). Impose SSTs and sea ice from observations but with other conditions as in experiment 3.2 historical. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

"amip" is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 3.3 amip (3.3 AMIP) - Version 1: AMIP (1979 - at least 2008). Impose SSTs and sea ice from observations but with other conditions as in experiment 3.2 historical. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.