This dataset contains high-resolution WRF downscaling from 1990-12-01 to 2021-02-28 (hourly resolution). The horizontal domain has 1.5 km grid spacing covering the entire states of California and Nevada in the United States. Variables included are air temperature and relative humidity at 2 m and wind speed at 10 m above the ground. Bias correction has not been applied to Version 1.

E-OBS version 5.0 has been released. E-OBS is a daily gridded observational dataset for precipitation, temperature and sea level pressure in Europe based on ECA&D information. The full dataset covers the period 1950-01-01 until 2011-06-30. It has originally been developed as part of the ENSEMBLES project (EU-FP6) and is now maintained and elaborated as part of the EURO4M project (EU-FP7). The datafiles contain gridded data for 5 elements (daily mean temperature TG, daily minimum temperature TN, daily maximum temperature TX, daily precipitation sum RR and daily averaged sea level pressure PP). They cover the area: 25N-75N x 40W-75E. The data files are in compressed NetCDF format and range in size from 74Mb - 1.1Gb. There are 4 different versions: 2 grid resolutions x 2 grid flavours. Data is made available on a 0.25 and 0.5 degree regular lat-lon grid, as well as on a 0.22 and 0.44 degree rotated pole grid, with the north pole at 39.25N, 162W. The regular grid is the same as the monthly CRU data grids available from the Climatic Research Unit. The rotated grid is the same as used in many ENSEMBLES Regional Climate Models. Besides 'best estimate' values, separate files are provided containing daily standard errors and elevation. See Haylock et al. (2008) and van den Besselaar et al. (2011) for further details.

Sea level pressure is a fundamental weather and climate element and the very basis of everyday weather maps. Daily sea level pressure distributions provide information on the influence of high and low pressure systems, air flow, weather activity, and, hence, synoptic conditions. Using sea level pressure distributions from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 (Kalnay et al., 1996) and a simplified variant of the weather-typing scheme by Jenkinson and Collison (1977) atmospheric circulation over the North Sea has been classified as to pattern and intensity on a daily basis starting in 1948. A full account of the original weather-typing scheme can be found in Loewe et al. (2005), while the variant scheme has been detailed in Loewe et al. (2006). The analysis has been carried out on the original 16-point grid. Though formally valid at its central point (55°N, 5°E), results are representative of the North Sea region between 50°N-60°N and 0°E-10°E. The modified scheme allows for six weather types, namely four directional (NE=Northeast, SE, SW, NW) and two rotational types (C=cyclonic and A=anticyclonic). The strength of the atmospheric circulation is classified by way of a peak-over-threshold technique, employing re-calibrated thresholds for the gale index G* of 28.3, 36.6, and 44.6 hPa for gale (G), severe gale (SG), and very severe gale (VSG), respectively (Loewe et al., 2013). Technically, the set of weather-typing and gale-classification rules is implemented as a lean FORTRAN code (lwtnssim.f), internally known as "Simple Lamb weather-typing scheme for the North Sea v1". The processing run was done on a Linux server under Debian 10 (Buster). Both, weather types and gale days, form a catalogue of more than 70 annual calendars since 1948 that is presented and continuously updated to the present day at https://www.bsh.de/EN/DATA/Climate-and-Sea/Weather-and-Gales/weather-and-gales_node.html. This catalogue concisely documents synoptic conditions in the North Sea region. Possible benefits are manifold. Special events and episodes in regional-scale atmospheric circulation are easily looked up and traced. Beyond that, the dataset is well suited for frequency, trend, persistence, transition, and extreme-value statistics.

The spectral longwave feedback parameter quantifies the change in Earth's spectrally resolved outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) in response to warming. It contains the radiative signature of all longwave feedbacks making it a key quantity influencing Earth's climate sensitivity. By spectrally resolving these changes in OLR, one can gain important information about the underlying feedback processes. This experiment contains spectrally resolved radiative quantities that can be used for the calculation of the global mean all-sky spectral longwave feedback parameter based on seasonal and interannual variability, using both satellite observations and simulations. This dataset was updated to provide more information on the sensitivity of the spectral longwave feedback parameter on relative humidity changes as well as on the impact of the surface feedback at different surface temperatures.

The spectral longwave feedback parameter quantifies the change in Earth's spectrally resolved outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) in response to warming. It contains the radiative signature of all longwave feedbacks making it a key quantity influencing Earth's climate sensitivity. By spectrally resolving these changes in OLR, one can gain important information about the underlying feedback processes. This experiment contains spectrally resolved radiative quantities that can be used for the calculation and interpretation of the global mean all-sky spectral longwave feedback parameter based on seasonal and interannual variability, using both satellite observations and simulations. This is an updated version of the experiment. Compared to the first version, this version contains more data on the sensitivity of the spectral longwave feedback parameter on relative humidity changes. Additionally, this version also contains data on the contribution of the surface feedback for different surface temperatures.